Map Notes -- CARY9.txt

	Map Notes

Cary 1787	NOTES from CARY'S MAP of HAMPSHIRE, 1787
FA1998.214	These notes are made from a map of Hampshire published by John Cary, engraver and map seller, Strand, London, 1793, an edition of his map published 1787. The item studied is in the Map Collection of Hampshire CC Museums Service, item HMCMS:FA1998.214
	map type: HantsMap & Cary 1787
	MAP FEATURES
title cartouche map maker orientation compass rose	Printed lower right is a simple cartouche laid across the compass rose a device that John Cary uses elsewhere. The map title is:- HAMPSHIRE Below the compass rose is:- By JOHN CARY, Engraver. Printed at the bottom is:- London Published Jan 1st. 1793 by J. Cary, Engraver & Mapseller, Strand The compass rose has no circle. It has star points for the cardinal and half cardinal directions, and lines for the false points. North is marked by a fleur de lys.
scale line scale	Printed lower right is a scale line:- British Statute Miles 69 1/2 to a Degree. The scale line is chequererd and labelled in miles; length 10 miles = mm, giving a map scale 1 to . The map scale is about:- 1 to miles to 1 inch
lat and long scales scale	In the map border are rectangular latitude and longitude scales; chequered at 1 minute intervals, labelled at 5 minute intervals. The bottom longitude scale is labelled:- Longitude Wst. from London minutes of latitude = mm, gives a map scale of 1 to . The map scale is about:- 1 to miles to 1 inch Cary is the first to use longitude west from the Greenwich meridian, which was not formally established as the international prime meridian till 1884.
sea area sea plain	The sea is plain. Some sea areas are labelled, eg:- ENGLISH CHANNEL The SOLENT Christchurch Bay SOUTHAMPTON WATER
coast line coast form lines headlands harbours	The coast is emphasised by form lines which extend into river estuaries and harbours. Some headlands are labelled, eg:- Hengistbury Head And some harbours, eg:- Portsmouth Harbour
coastal defence castles fortifications	Some of the old coastal defence castles are labelled - no symbol:- Hurst Castle Calshot Castle St. Andrew's Castle The fortifications of Portsmouth are shown, just.
rivers ponds bridges	Rivers are drawn as wiggly lines tapering inland from their estuary. Baridin might be shown, and the river might be labelled, eg:- Avon R. Beauley River Crockford Water Auborn Riv Bourne River This Bourne is the River Bourne by South Tidworth. Test Higher up the Test the tributary now known as the Bourne Rivulet is labelled the Anton, the Anton running into Andover is unnamed, and the head of the river is labelled:- Source of the Hanton Riv. between Ashe and Steventon. Ponds are drawn in outline with form lines, and perhaps labelled, eg:- Fleet Pond Sowley Pond Blackmore Pond This last near Bramshott. Bridges are suggested by the roads crossing and interupting a river. A few bridges are named, eg:- Broken Bridge [near Brokenhurst] Our Br. Kitcomb Bridge [by Fullerton] A ford is labelled at:- Jouldins Ford north of Eversley.
relief	No relief is shown. But a few hills are labelled, eg:- Tidbury Hill Ports Down
woods forests	Groups of trees and bushes are drawn with doted areas to suggest undergrowth, to indicate woodland, in park grounds or woods or forests. These might be labelled, eg:- Holt Forest Watmere Forest NEW FOREST
parks	Parks are drawn in outline with a ring of fence palings. The park usually contains a house, and might be labelled, eg:- Hackwood Park Dogmersfield Burley Lodge
county	The county boundary is a bold dotted line. This extends across the map borders in places. The detached part of Hampshire in West Sussex is not shown. Adjacen counties are labelled, eg:- WILT SHIRE and the boundary between these counties drawn for a short way from the Hapmshire boundary by a dotted line. A few places outside the county are drawn and labelled to make sense of Hampshire places, eg Farnham, Lopcombe Corner, Ludgershall, etc.
hundreds	Hundreds are not shown.
settlements streets	Blocks and groups of blocks on roads are used to mark the larger settlements, perhaps with a cross (+) indicating a church. In bigger towns the blocks make a street plan. Smaller places are marked by a drawing of a church or a house. Places are graded by their labelling.
city	groups of blocks on a street plan; labelled in upright block caps, eg:_ WINCHESTER The relationship of streets, rivers, roads, etc is visible in some detail though miniature.

town	groups of blocks on a street plan; labelled in upright block caps, eg:- SOUTHAMPTON FAREHAM A town might have one or two starts or asterisks attached to it by a line which presumably indicate the number of members it sends to Parliament.

village	drawing of a church; labelled in upright lowercase text, eg:- Froxfield Crawley Owslebury

hamlet house farm	drawing of a building, a house; labelled in italic lowercase text, eg:- Compton Fritham Wyatts [a house? W of Alton] Durham Fa. [near Maple Durham] Lowr Farm [NW of Exton] A hamlet on a road might be marked by a small group of blocks, eg:- Lower Froyle Fullerton

roads	Roads are clearly drawn on the map by a double line, graded into two widths, the major roads having bold+light lines. The network of roads is extensive. The major roads include some but not all of the 'Ogilby' routes and shows routes which are now deemed to be significant. Major roads crossing the county boundary have their destination, or start, labelled, eg:- from Salisbury 4 Miles from Amesbury to Newbury Miles from Hyde Park Corner London R to London thro' Guildford Looking closely you will see little lowercase letters labelling the major roads at the county boundary. These are grouped by county.
Dorset border

a	Christchurch - Poole

b	Ringwood - Poole

c	Ringwood - Wool Bridge, west

Wiltshire border

a	Fordingbridge - Salisbury

b	Cadnam - Salisbury

c	Southampton, Ower - Salisbury

d	Romsey - Salisbury

e	Stockbridge or Andover - Lopcombe Corner and Salisbury

f	Andover - Amesbury and west

g	Andover - Ludgershall, Devizes

Berkshire border

a	Andover, Highclere - Newbury

b	Whitchurch - Newbury

c	Kingsclere - Aldermaston, Reading

d e	Basingstoke - Reading

f	Basingstoke - Reading

Surrey border

a	Petersfield - Guildford; London

b	Farnham to Guildford or Bagshot; London

c	at Frimley - Bagshot; London

d	at Blackwater - Bagshot; London

West Sussex border

a	Liphook - across Sussex, Guildford

[b]	Havant - Chichester
	Perhaps these label joins of these major roads to their continuation on the relevant other county map. These letters are not printed on the 1787 edition of the map. A few junctions are named, eg:- 3 Leg Cross [S of Hghclere] Lopcombe Corner [in Wiltshire] A few roads have names, eg: Chute Causeway Popham Lane Gravel Hill Bradley Lane New Road This last from near Eling towards Lyndhurst. A label in the Lands End Road at Church Oakley:- Dean Gate may be a turnpike gate?
	Route diagram:- see:- CY13RTE.txt

Ogilby routes	25/26, the Lands End Road, is shown. 30, the Portsmouth Road, is shown. 32, from Andover towards the west, is shown. 39, the branch from Midhurst to Winchester, now shown only by minor roads. 51, the Southampton Road, but no longer the same route, Cary shows the main route through Winchester not Twyford, the older route is shown by mminor roads. 53, Basingstoke to Salisbury, is shown. 81, Oxford to Chichester, is not shown as a contnuous route though it is all shown by a mixture of major and minor roads. 83, Oxford to Salisbury, shown by only by minor roads. 97, various parts still appear as major roads, but the route from Christchurch to Lymington is now only a minor road.

new routes	Some of the new routes worth noticing are (not always quite direct):- Winchester, Whitchurch, Newbury. Alton, Bishops waltham, Wickham, Fareham, Gosport. Southampton, Wickham, Cosham, Havant, Chichester. Salisbury, Fordingbridge, Ringwood, Christchurch. Winchester, Stockbridge, Salisbury. etc.

road distances	A few of the main roads have distances from London, or from their start, marked every mile along their route:- [Bagshot], Blackwater 31, Hartford Bridge 36, Basingstoke 47, Whitchurch 58, Andover 65, [Middle Wallop] 72, [Salisbury]. (Ogilby 25/26). ..., Liphook 47, Petersfield 55, Horndean 62, Cosham 68, Portsmouth [ ]. (Ogilby 30). Andover 35, [Weyhill], Ludgershall, [Devizes]. [Bagshot], Farnham 38, Alton 48, Alresford 57, Winchester 65, Southampton [ ]. (partly Ogilby 51). Basingstoke 46, Wheatsheaf 52 1/2, Sutton Scotney 60 1/2, Stockbridge 68, Lopcombe Corner 74 1/2, [Salisbury]. (Ogilby 53). [Reading], Basingstoke 14 1/2. Winchester 66, Romsey 76, Ringwood 94, [Poole]. Southampton 0, Romsey 8, [Salisbury]. These were presumably regarded as more important routes.
miscellaneous
mills water mills	A number of water mills are shown, usually just by a label, with a symbol. The map would repay a study to locate its record of old mills. For example, up the River Test are:- Great Bri Mill [N of Romsey] Mill [top of Lockerley Brook] Overshot Watering Mill [at Lower Wallop] Mill [at Stockbridge] I have not noticed any windmills.
shipyards docks	At Bursledon, by the river, is labelled:- Dock marking an important dockyard.
gibbets	North of Gravel Hill on the Portsmouth Road, about 50 miles from London, is:- Gibbet
antiquities roman roads roman towns	Roman roads are clearly marked and labelled:- Roman Road from Old Sarum Port Way Roman Road [Winchester towards Silchester] Icknield Way It would be worth comparing these claims with what is accepted nowadays. Silchester has its roman town marked by a ring of ?hatching with a central block.

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	HantsMap Notes -- CARY9.txt MN: 1.12.2000 last edit: 17.5.2003

NOTES from CARY'S MAP of HAMPSHIRE, 1787

MAP FEATURES