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Map Notes
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Pine 1739
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NOTES from PINE'S MAPS OF THE ARMADA, 1739
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FA1999.61
FA1999.62
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These notes are made from 2 sheets, 4 maps of which 2 are sea
areas off Hampshire, of the Progress of the Armada, 1588,
published by John Pine, London, 1739. The maps studied are in the
Map Collection of Hampshire CC Museums Service, items
HMCMS:FA1999.61 and FA1999.62.
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map type: HantsMap & Pine 1739
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The 2 map sheets in the HMCMS collection are Pine's versions
of Adams's charts engraved by Ryther for his English translation
of Ubaldini's account of the Armada. !
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Each sheet was printed from 2 or 3 separate plates; an outer
border printed in black, 2 maps printed in dark blue. The sizes
are about: wxh, sheet = 63.5x39.5cm; wxh, border plate =
63x38.5cm; wxh, map plate = 23.5x18cm. Remember that these notes
have a bias towards Hampshire interest.
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THE ARMADA
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The invasion of England by Spain was detailed by Philip II in
orders to his forces in September 1587. This marked the
culmination of arguments over religion and the succession in
England, and rule and religion in the Low Countries. The
differences came to a crisis with the execution of Mary Stuart,
18 February 1587, for her involvement in a plot to assassinate
Elizabeth I - the Babbington Plot. Mary had been deposed from her
scottish throne, over religion, by the Scots in 1567. The Armada
fleet eventually left La Coruna, Spain, 22 July 1588, and sighted
The Lizard, Cornwall, 29 July 1588.
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NB: dates here are in new style, Gregorian Calendar, which was
in use by the Spanish but not yet by the English; some histories
of these events use old style, 10 days adrift of today's
calendar.
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England was in a state of readiness; army and militia
mobilised, the beacon communication system alert, the english
fleet active; Elizabeth I's intelligence service was very
effective. The english fleet was commanded by Lord Admiral Howard
in the Ark Royal, Vice Admiral Sir Francis Drake in the Revenge,
and others including John Hawkins in the Victory, and Martin
Frobisher in the Triumph. The spanish fleet was spotted south of
Cornwall by the Golden Hind, scouting on the 29th, which returned
with the news to Plymouth. For the next week and a half the
english and spanish fleets were in contact until the Armada
withdrew on a course up the North Sea and round the north of the
British Isles, to be severely damaged by storms on its return
journey. The Armada was averted by the navy and destroyed by
storms. The threat of Roman Catholicism being replanted in
Britain and the Low Countries was decisively removed.
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The map sheets in the HMCMS collection show events off the
coast of Hampshire; they are two in the middle of a series of 5
sheets.
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Hampshire is a maritime county whose local militia would have
been mobilised, shadowing on land the progress of the Armada on
sea. The beacons in the county would have flared with those along
the rest of the coast. Hampshire's harbours were not the base of
the english fleet for this action.
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Source Maps
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Petruccio Ubaldini, an Italian living in London
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set down in my mother tongue all that befell that summer upon the
seas between the fleet of our noble and gracious Queen, and that
of the King of Spain.
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It is said that Sir Francis Drake asked him to do this. The
account is based on despatches written under the direction of
Lord Admiral Howard; it might be a biased account. Ubaldini's
account in italian was translated, anonymously, for the dutch
engraver Augustine Ryther who made plates from designs by Robert
Adams of the progress of the Armada, and published the account
with the maps, London, 1590.
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Lord Howard of Effingham commissioned tapestry designs from
Hendrick Vroom, dutch marine artist, and then tapestries based on
the charts. The tapestry designs converted the charts into
perspective seascapes. They were worked in the Netherlands, and
delivered to Lord Howard in 1595. Howard sold the tapestries to
James I. By 1690 they were hung in the House of Lords, and all
but one were destroyed by the fire there in 1834. (One tapestry
had been stolen, so escaped the fire, but is lost.)
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Before the tapestries were destroyed they were described by
John Pine, 1739:-
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Tapestry Hangings of the House of Lords to which are added from a
book entitled 'Expedionionis Hispanorum in Angliam Vera
Descriptio AD1588' .. ten charts of the sea-coasts of England ...
ornamented with medals struck on that occasion and other suitable
devices. ...
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Notice 'to which are added ... ten charts of the sea coasts
...' The charts are like the Adams/Ryther charts, not perspective
views like the tapestries. It is these charts that we have in the
Map Collection.
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REFERENCES
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: 1919: Lord Howard of Effingham
and the Spanish Armada with exact facsimiles of the Tables of
Augustine Ryther, AD1590, and the Engravings of the Hangings in
the House of Lords by John Pine, AD1739, ...: Roxborough Club
: 1988: Armada 1588-1988: Penguin
Books & National Maritime Museum:: ISBN 0 14 010301 5; has
reproductions of all the Adams/Ryther charts and the tapestry
designs.
Martin, Colin & Parker, Geoffrey:
1988: Spanish Armada, The: Hamilton, Hamish:: ISBN 0 241 12125 6
Pine, John: 1739: Tapestry Hangings
of the House of Lords: (London)
Ryther, Augustine: 1590: Discourse
concerning the Spanishe fleete invadinge Englande in the year
1588 ...: (London)
Schrire, David: Adam's and Pine's
Maps of the Spanish Armada: Map Collector's Circle
Ubaldini, Petruccio: 1588=1590:
Expeditionis Hispanorum in Angliam vera Descriptio Anno Do
MDLXXXVIII
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map type Pine 1739 -- menu of resources |
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Plates 5 to 8 sea battles -- PIN1SHP.txt
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Plates 5/6 map features -- PINE5_6.txt
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Plates 7/8 map features -- PINE7_8.txt
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source item -- HMCMS:FA1999.61 -- chart |
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source item -- HMCMS:FA1999.62 -- chart |
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list of map notes |
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HantsMap Notes -- PINE1.txt
MN: 7.5.1999
last edit: 11.7.2002
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