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Map Notes
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Stanford 1904
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NOTES from STANFORD'S GEOLOGICAL ATLAS, 1914
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FA
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These notes are taken from Stanford's Geological Atlas of
Great Britain and Ireland, by Horace B Woodward, published by
Edward Stanford, 12-14 Long Acre, London, 1904, 3rd edn 1914. The
atlas studied is in the Map Collection of Hampshire CC Museums
Service, item HMCMS:FA2002.654
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map type: HantsMap & Stanford 1904
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The atlas size is: wxh = 14x20cm; the book has been rebound,
amateurishly, and its map plates are trimmed a bit tight.
Remember that these notes are biased toward a Hampshire
interest.
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Atlas
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The atlas has:- title page; preface by H B Woodward, Croydon,
Surrey, 1913; contents, list of sections, views, geological maps,
plates of fossils; table of strata and list of characteristic
fossils; descriptions of geology of countries and individual
counties; descriptions of the geology seen on railway journeys;
list of fossils; index; 64 colour printed geological maps of
Great Britain and the counties (some maps are documented
separately); plates of fossils.
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Title page:-
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STANFORD'S GEOLOGICAL ATLAS OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND WITH
PLATES OF CHARACTERISTIC FOSSILS PRECEDED BY DESCRIPTIONS OF THE
GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND AND THEIR
COUNTIES; OF THE CHANNEL ISLANDS; AND OF THE FEATURES OBSERVABLE
ALONG THE PRINCIPAL LINES OF RAILWAY BY HORACE B. WOODWARD,
F.R.S., F.G.S.
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THIRD EDITION LONDON: EDWARD STANFORD, LTD. 12, 13, & 14, LONG
ACRE, W.C. 1914
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The preface explains the sources of information for the
geological descriptions and maps, pp.v-vi:-
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PREFACE
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THE first edition of Stanford's Geological Atlas ... was
published in 1904. It was based in general plan, and especially
in regard to the maps, on Reynold's Geological Atlas ... 1860 and
1889. The text, however, was entirely re-written, ...
descriptions of the geological features observable along the main
lines of railway were added.
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A few of the original text-illustrations were retained; others
were borrowed from Sir Andrew C. Ramsay's Physical Geology and
Geography of Great Britain. The figures of fossils were
reproduced chiefly from Lowry's Tabular View of Characteristic
British Fossils; others were taken from the Chart of Fossil
Crustacea, arranged by J. W. Salter and Dr. Henry Woodward, and a
few from Ramsay's Physical Geology.
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The maps in the original Atlas were based to a large extent on
those of the Geological Survey, and they have been revised, as
far as the scale has permitted, from the later published maps of
that institution.
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...
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The present edition has been amplified ... [little of
significance to Hampshire].
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...
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HORACE B. WOODWARD. / CROYDON. / September 1913.
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Geology
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Facing page 1 there is a table of strata, a key for the
geological maps, and list of their fossils. Each stratum has a
coloured rectangle labelled with a number (colours can only be
described roughly). The strata that concern Hampshire are numbers
3 to 8:-
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INDEX TO GEOLOGICAL MAPS. / PRINCIPAL ORGANIC REMAINS OR FOSSILS.
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...
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3 [pale brown] OLIGOCENE: Fluvio-marine Series (shelly clays,
sands and limestones) .. .. .. Insects, Mollusca (Corbula,
Cyrena, Cytherea, Bulimus, Cerithium, Limnaea, Planorbis);
Crocodiles, Chelonians (Trionyx, Emys); Mammals (Anoplotherium,
Palaeotherium).
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4 [mid brown] UPPER EOCENE: Barton, Bracklesham and Bagshot Beds
(sands and clays) .. .. .. Plants (Aralia, Ficus, Sequoia);
Nummulites, Insects, Mollusca (Cardita, Crassatella, Cerithium,
Conus, Fusus, Rostellaria, Voluta); Reptiles (Chelone,
Paelaeophis); Mammals (Lophiodon).
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5 [brown] LOWER EOCENE: London Clay / Lower London Tertiaries
(pebble beds, sands and clays) Plants (Nipadites); Crustacea;
Mollusca (Cyprina, Cyrena, Corbula, Pectunculus, Pleurotoma,
Voluta, Nautilus); Fishes, Crocodiles, Turtles, Birds, Mammals
(Hyracotherium).
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6 [pale green] CHALK .. .. .. Foraminifera; Sponges
(Ventriculites); Echinoderms (Echinocorys, Galerites, Marsupites,
Micraster); Brachiopods; Mollusca (Inoceramus, Ostrea, Pecten,
Ammonites, Belemnitella, Scaphites); Fishes, Saurians, Birds
(Enaliornis).
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7 [cyan] UPPER GREENSAND AND GAULT CLAY (SELBORNIAN) .. .. ..
Sponges (Siphonia); Crustacea; Mollusca (Exogyra, Pecten,
Inoceramus, Ammonites, Belemnites); Fishes.
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8 [green] LOWER GREENSAND .. .. .. Sponges; Crustacea (Meyeria);
Brachiopods; Mollusca (Exogyra, Perna, Trigonia, Ammonites).
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...
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In the text on the Geological Structure of Great Britain there
is a tabulation of the:-
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FORMATIONS OF GREAT BRITAIN
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SEDIMENTARY AND METAMORPHIC ROCKS
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These are listed with their thicknesses in feet:-
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Caenozoic
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Quaternary
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---
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RECENT OR HOLOCENE
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Alluvium with peat, Blown Sand, Estuarine and Marine beds,
Newer Raised Beaches
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PLEISTOCENE
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River Gravel and Brickearth, Older Raised Beaches
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Glacial Drift - 200ft.
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Tertiary
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---
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PLIOCENE
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Cromer Forest Bed Series - 30ft.
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Norwich and Red Crags - up to 150ft.
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Coralline Crag and Lenham Beds - 40 to 80ft.
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OLIGOCENE (Fluvio-marine series)
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Hamstead Beds - 260ft.
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Bembridge Beds - 110ft.
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Osborne Beds - 100ft.
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Headon Beds - 150ft.
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EOCENE
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Upper-Bagshot Beds = Barton Sands / Barton Clay - 200ft.
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Bracklesham Beds - 400 to 650ft.
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Lower Bagshot Beds - 10 to 600ft.
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London Clay - 50 to 480ft.
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Oldhaven and Blackheath Beds - 10 to 60ft.
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Woolwich and Reading Beds - 15 to 150ft.
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Thanet Beds - 20 to 60ft.
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---
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Secondary or Mesozoic
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---
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CRETACEOUS
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Chalk - up to 1750ft.
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Upper Greensand (Selbornian) - 40 to 120ft.
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Gault (Selbornian) - 100 to 250ft.
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Lower Greensand - 250 to 600ft.
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WEALDEN-PURBECK
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Wealden = Weald Clay / Hastings Sands - 1500ft.
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Purbeck Beds - 50 to 400ft.
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Jurassic
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OOLITIC SERIES
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Portland Beds - 80 to 300ft.
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Kimeridge Cay - 100 to 1200ft.
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Corallian Beds - 50 to 200ft.
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Oxford Clay and Kellaways Beds - 300 to 600ft.
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Cornbrash - 5 to 30ft.
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Great Oolite Series = Forest Marble, Bradford Clay, and Great
Oolite Clay / Great Oolite, Stonesfield Slate, and Fuller's Earth
- 130 to 250ft.
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Inferior Oolite Series including Midford Sands (passage-beds)
- 15 to 250ft.
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LIASSIC
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Upper Lias - 25 to 200ft.
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Middle Lias - 50 to 350ft.
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Lower Lias - 450 to 960ft.
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New Red Sandstone
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TRIASSIC
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Rhaetic Beds - 30 to 120ft.
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Red Marl and Sandstone (Keuper) - 500 to 1500ft.
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Red Sandstone and Pebble-Beds (Bunter) - 1000 to 2000ft.
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PERMIAN
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Magnesian Limestone Series / Red Sandstone, Breccia, and
Conglomerate - 500 to 1500ft.
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---
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Primary
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Palaeozoic
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CARBONIFEROUS
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Coal-measures - 200 to 8000ft.
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Millstone Grit - up to 4000ft.
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Carboniferous Limestone Series and Calciferous Limestone - 800
to 4000ft.
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OLD RED SANDSTONE and DEVONIAN
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Upper Old Red Sandstone / Devonian / Lower Old Red Sandstone -
2000 to 4000ft.
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SILURIAN
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Ludlow Series - 700 to 1400ft.
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Wenlock Series - 2000 to 4000ft.
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May Hill or Llandovery Series - 2000 to 3000ft.
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ORDOVICIAN
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Bala and Caradoc Series - 4000 to 12000ft.
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Llandeilo Beds - 3000 to 4000ft.
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Arenig Series - 1000 to 2500ft.
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CAMBRIAN
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Tremadoc Series - 1000ft.
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Lingula Flag Series - 4000 to 5000ft.
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Menevian Series - 600 to 750ft.
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Harlech Series - 3000 to 8000ft.
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Pre-Cambrian and Archaean
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TORRIDONIAN
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Torridon Sandstone and Longmyndian
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URICONIAN
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Wrekin Volcanic Series, Pebedian, etc
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DALRADIAN
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Highland Schists
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LEWISIAN
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Hebridean or Fundamental Series
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Then a list of:-
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IGNEOUS ROCKS
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Acid. Granite, Quartz-porphyry, Felsite, Pitchstone,
Rhyolite
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Intermediate. Syenite, Diorite, Andesite, Trachyte
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Basic. Gabbro, Diabase, Dolerite, Basalt
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Ultra-basic. Serpentine
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Also see:-
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map type Stanford 1904 -- menu of resources |
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Hampshire Geology -- STN1HAM.txt
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Geological Map of Great Britain -- STN1GB.txt
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source item -- HMCMS:FA2002.654 -- map |
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list of map notes |
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HantsMap Notes -- STANF1.txt
MN: 21.4.2003
last edit: 21.4.2003
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