Old Cumbria Gazetteer

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	placename:-	Bowness-on-Solway
	parish	Bowness parish, once in Cumberland
	county:-	Cumbria
		building/s
	coordinates:-	NY224628
	10Km square:-	NY26
	place code:-	BwSl
	1Km square	NY2262
		Bowness-on-Solway -- Bowness -- Cumbria / -- 5.5.2006
	old map:-	Garnett 1850s-60s H
		Map of the English Lakes, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, published by John Garnett, Windermere, Westmorland, 1850s-60s.
		blocks, settlement
	date:-	1850=1869
	period:-	19th century, late; 1850s; 1860s
	old map:-	Ford 1839 map
		Map of the Lake District, published in A Description of Scenery in the Lake District, by William Ford, published by Charles Thurnham, London, 1839.
		Bowness
	placename:-	Bowness
	county:-	Cumberland
	date:-	1839
	period:-	19th century, early; 1830s
	old text:-	Camden 1789
		Britannia, or A Chorographical Description of the Flourishing Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, by William Camden, 1586, translated from the 1607 Latin edition by Richard Gough, published London, 1789.
		Page 173:-
		... On this little cape stands that antient town BLATUM BULGIUM (perhaps from the British word Bulch which signifies separation or division), from which Antoninus as from the furthest point and boundary of the province begins his Itinera through Britain. The inhabitants now call it Bulnesse, and it is a very mean village, though it has fortification, and as evidences of antiquity, besides traces of streets and ruined walls, a harbour filled up, and a road said to have run hence along the coast to Elenborrow. ...
	placename:-	Bulnesse
	other name:-	Blatum Bulgium
	person:-	: Antoninus
	date:-	1789
	period:-	18th century, late; 1780s
	old text:-	Camden 1789 (Gough Additions)
		Britannia, or A Chorographical Description of the Flourishing Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, by William Camden, 1586, translated from the 1607 Latin edition by Richard Gough, published London, 1789.
		Page 187:-
		...
		"Bolnes is at the poynt or playne of the river of Edon, where is a little poor steple as a fortelet for a brunt, and it is on the higher side of the river of Edon, about a eight miles from Cair Luel. About this Bolnesse is part of the Pict wal evidently remaining, and it may be supposed that it is called Bolnes, as who should say the Wal Yee, or poynt, or end."
		Mr. Routh in a letter to Mr. Gale, dated Nov. 1, 1741, says, "the altar at Boulness was found about two years and a half ago in some adjacent grounds belonging to one Mr. Lawson, who placed it over a barn door fronting the street where it now remains. There seems to be an oblique stroke under the P. in posuit, which has occasioned all the copies I have seen to give it PROSUIT, but the late marks of masons' tools on it will account for that. The H in COH is scarce legible, nor could I perceive the least signs of numerals after it, though there is room enough. The altar may be about 18 inches high, and 12 broad: the letters much worn, but of the Lower Empire cut." The following copy of it was taken 1739 for sir John Clerk by the schoolmaster of the place on a ladder 16 feet high, it being then built up in a new chapel belonging to Mr. Lawson.
		... Mr. Gilpin gave the Society of Antiquaries, 1740, an account of this altar then built up in Mr. Lawson's barn at Carlisle.
	placename:-	Boulness
	other name:-	Bolness
	person:-	: Gale, Mr
	person:-	: Routh, Mr
	person:-	: Lawson, Mr
	person:-	: Gilpin, Mr
	date:-	1789
	period:-	18th century, late; 1780s
	old text:-	Camden 1789 (Gough Additions)
		Britannia, or A Chorographical Description of the Flourishing Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, by William Camden, 1586, translated from the 1607 Latin edition by Richard Gough, published London, 1789.
		Page 229, quoting Mr Horsley:-
		...
		"At BOULNESS, ... The village now stands, and the fort has stood, upon a rock or promontory, on the edge of Solway frith; and it is not to be doubted but the church, and what other stone buildings are in the village, have been raised out of its ruins.
		"The station must have supplied them sufficiently with what stones they have used in their houses, most of which are made of clay; so that they have not gone to any distance to fetch stones from the wall, ..."
	placename:-	Boulness
	person:-	archaeologist : Horsley, John
	date:-	1789
	period:-	18th century, late; 1780s
	old map:-	Bowen and Kitchin 1760
		New Map of the Counties of Cumberland and Westmoreland, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, Emanuel Bowen and Thomas Kitchin, published by T Bowles, John Bowles and Son, Robert Sayer, and John Tinney, 1760; published 1760-87.
		Boulness / R
		circle, building and tower, rectory
	placename:-	Boulness
	date:-	1760
	period:-	18th century, late; 1760s
	descriptive text:-	Simpson 1746
		The three volumes of maps and descriptive text published as 'The Agreeable Historian, or the Compleat English Traveller ...', by Samuel Simpson, 1746.
		goto source.
		...
		Bulnesse which was the old Town, called by the Romans, Blatum Bulgium probably from the British Word Bulch, which signifies Partition or Divorce; or rather from a Word still in use in those Parts viz. Bulge, which signifies a Breaking in, as the Sea there doth. From this Place, as the utmost Limits of the Province of Britain, Antoninus begins his Itinerary. It is now but a very small Village, but has a Fort, as a Testimony of its Antiquity, besides the Tracts of Streets and Pieces of old Walls, which frequently appear as they are ploughing in the common Field.
		It was anciently the Head Town of a large Manor containing many Hamlets, as Glaston, Drumburgh, &c. and tho' many of which are separated from it, yet here still remains the Mother Church. At a Mile's Distance from hence Northward, begins the famous Picts Wall: ...
	placename:-	Bulness
	other name:-	Blatum Bulgium
	person:-	: Antoninus
	date:-	1746
	period:-	18th century, early; 1740s
	descriptive text:-	Bowen 1720 (plate 162)
		Road book, Britannia Depicta Or Ogilby Improv'd, including road strip maps with sections in Westmorland, scale about 2 miles to 1 inch, derived from maps by Ogilby, 1675, and a county map of Westmorland, scale about 8 miles to 1 inch, with text by John Owen, published by Emanuel Bowen, London, 1720; published 1720-64.
		... on a Cape of Land is Bolness the Old Blatum Bulgiu~, formerly a Roman Station, now a little Village, having the conveniency of a Harbour & a Fort for its defence, it being the utmost bound between England, & Scotland, as the British Word Bulch signifies: ...
	placename:-	Bolness
	other name:-	Blatum Bulgium
	date:-	1720
	period:-	18th century, early; 1720s
	old map:-	Morden 1695 (Cmd)
		The symbol adrift in the sea belongs to Bowness.
		Maps, Westmorland, scale about 2.5 miles to 1 inch, and Cumberland, scale about 3 miles to 1 inch, by Robert Morden, 1695.
		goto source.
		goto source.
		Boulness / Blatum
		Circle, building and tower.
	placename:-	Boulness
	county:-	Cumberland
	date:-	1695
	period:-	17th century, late; 1690s
	old map:-	Jansson 1646
		Map, Cumbria et Westmoria, or Cumberland and Westmorland, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, by John Jansson, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1646; published 1646-1724.
		Boulnesse
		Buildings and tower.
	placename:-	Boulnesse
	county:-	Cumberland
	date:-	1646
	period:-	17th century, early; 1640s
	poem:-	Drayton 1612/1622 text
		Poem, Polyolbion, by Michael Drayton, published 1612, part 2 with Cumbria published by John Marriott, John Grismand, and Thomas Dewe, London, 1622.
		page 167:-
	placename:-	Boulnesse
	date:-	1612; 1622
	period:-	17th century, early; 1610s; 1620s
	old map:-	Speed 1611 (Cmd)
		Maps, The Countie Westmorland and Kendale the Cheif Towne, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, and Cumberland and the Ancient Citie Carlile, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by John Speed, London, 1611; published 1611-1770.
		Boulnesse
		circle, building, tower
	placename:-	Boulnesse
	date:-	1611
	period:-	17th century, early; 1610s
	old map:-	Saxton 1576
		Map, Westmorlandiae et Cumberlandiae Comitatus ie Westmorland and Cumberland, scale about 5 miles to 1 inch, by Christopher Saxton, London, engraved by Augustinus Ryther, 1576; published 1579-1645.
		goto source.
		Church, symbol for a parish or village, with a parish church.
		Boulnesse
	placename:-	Boulnesse
	county:-	Cumberlandia
		village
	date:-	1576
	period:-	16th century, late; 1570s
	old map:-	Gough 1350s-60s
		Reproduction of the Gough Map of Great Britain, reduced size, published by the Ordnance Survey, Southampton, Hampshire, 1875; and a full size line reproduction, with added transcriptions of placenames, 1935.
	placename:-	Bownes
	county:-	Cumberland
	old map:-	Burghley 1590 (facsimile)
		courtesy of the National Library of Scotland
		Bolness
		circle, tower
	placename:-	Bolness
	road book:-	Cary 1798 (2nd edn 1802)
		Road book, Cary's New Itinerary, by John Cary, published by G and J Cary, 86 St James's Street, London, 1798-1828.
		page 555-556
		Bowness
	placename:-	Bowness
	date:-	1802
	period:-	19th century, early; 1800s
	Old Cumbria Gazetteer - JandMN: 2008

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  email:- JandMN@norgate.freeserve.co.uk
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