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placename:-
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Camboglanna
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locality:-
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Hadrian's Wall
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locality:-
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Cam Beck
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locality:-
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Castlesteads
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parish
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Walton parish, once in
Cumberland
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county:-
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Cumbria
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roman fort
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coordinates:-
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NY512634
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10Km square:-
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NY56
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1Km square |
NY5163 |
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descriptive text:- |
Ford 1839 (3rd edn 1843)
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Description of Scenery in the Lake District, by William
Ford, published by Charles Thurnham, London, et al, 1839;
published 1839-52. |
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Page 108:-
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... Walton House ... built on the side of the Roman Casteads
(sic). Several Roman remains dug up at this station are
preserved here. ...
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placename:-
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Roman Casteads
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date:-
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1839
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period:-
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19th century, early; 1830s
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old text:- |
Camden 1789 (Gough
Additions)
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Britannia, or A Chorographical Description of the
Flourishing Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, by
William Camden, 1586, translated from the 1607 Latin edition
by Richard Gough, published London, 1789. |
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Page 227, Mr Horsley:-
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...
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"CAMBECK fort, usually called Castle-steeds, is all grown
over with wood, yet the boundaries of it may be traced out.
It seems to have been about six chains square. It is
detached to the south about 12 chains from the wall."
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placename:-
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Cambeck Fort
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other name:-
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Castle Steeds
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person:-
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archaeologist
: Horsley, John
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date:-
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1789
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period:-
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18th century, late; 1780s
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old text:- |
Camden 1789 (Gough
Additions)
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Britannia, or A Chorographical Description of the
Flourishing Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, by
William Camden, 1586, translated from the 1607 Latin edition
by Richard Gough, published London, 1789. |
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Page 201:-
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...
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The fort of Castlesteeds is almost opposite to Brampton, and
stands on the south-east of Cambeck on a rising ground about
a mile from and within the wall. It is an oblong square:
from the south-east front the ground declines to the river
Irthing; on which ground are visible foundations of walls
and streets, but removed for the sake of buildings and
tillage. On the other side is a steep bank, under which the
Cammock beck or Cambeck runs coming from the wall. The
outwalls are for the most part erased, probably to build a
large dwelling-house, which from it takes the name of
Castlesteed, and it still yields good stone of all sizes for
building, most of them black as if the whole building had
been burnt, and great numbers of iron nails, pieces of iron
and brass run into lumps though now mouldering have been
found; also square tiles about an inch thick with a ledge on
one edge to hang them on roofs about 10 inches by 9, and of
a yellow close earth, many earthen vessels of different
shapes and colours broken in digging. The longest sides of
the fort are about four Gunter's chains, and the shortest
about two and an half. There are several foundations of
houses still standing there pretty high but hard to come at
for the bushes. A small cornelian seal was found some years
ago, and several inscriptions, of which Mr. Goodman of
Carlisle sent copies to Mr. Gale.
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Mr. Goodman had two pieces of cast brass, each 36lb. weight,
found in a peat moss two feet deep adjoining to the Roman
road in Cumberland, supposed heads of a catapulta. Sir
Joseph Aylosse shewed them to the Society of Antiquaries
1736, and a model was made for them in wood.
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At Cambeck fort or Castlesteeds in Irthington parish (the
only place to which the name of Castlesteeds has been given,
it being the general name given to all the military
castella), Mr. Horsley places VOREDA or PETRIANA of the
Notitia. It is all grown over with wood, yet the boundaries
may be traced. It seems to have been about six chains
square, and is detached from the wall to the south about 12
chains. To this belong the the ten following inscriptions:
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found in the wall near a cottage called Randylands, more
than half way from hence to Burdoswald; the letters well
cut.
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Page 202:-
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E civitate Catuvellaunorum Titus Oisedio posuit. This is in
the fore wall of a house at Howgill about half a mile
farther west than Randylands. It commemorates the people
called by (Dio LX.20.)
Κα[τ ]ελλανοι,
and by Ptolemy incorrectly
Κα[τ]ινενχλανοι,
by producing the transverse stroke of the first λ.
Oisedio was a Britan with a Roman praenomen.
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3. Two reliefs, now at Netherby, before-mentioned.
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found in the east part of the station near the gate.
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5. An altar removed to Kirklinton, and now at Netherby,
found with the face downward near Brampton near the east
entry as if in the south jamb of the gate with several
pieces of pots or urns, &c..
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The inscription is to be read,
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Over the first lines are traces of BVS, whence Mr. Gale and
Mr. Ward conjecture VICTORIBVS as on the coins of
Constantine, Constantius, Chlorus, and Maximian, VICTOR
OMNIVM GENTIVM.
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Discovered by Mr. Gordon who gave it to lord Hertford. Four
more before-mentioned at Scaleby castle. Here have been also
found several curious stones cut with cross lines lattice
fashion, like that at Harlow hill, Northumberland, Horsl.
XXXI. A small bronze figure, bearded, with curled hair, was
found here 1766.
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An altar, having on one side a kind of double trident, on
another a patera, and on a 3d the inscription, Pl.XIII.
fig.13. It was dug up here about 60 years before and buried
again in lord Carlisle's wear, with two or three more
inscribed stones, as some old men related. On repairing the
wear 1741, it was sought for, and carried by Mrs. Appleby's
order to the court of her house there. The inscription is
thus read by professor Ward:
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We have numini domini nostri in Horlsey's Northumberland,
LXXX. Instante is equivalent to curante on some other
inscription. But the most considerable doubt which occurs in
the inscription is that it makes the emperor Gordian
colleague with Pompeianus in his 3d consulate, which the
Fasti consulares ascribe to his 2d. Nor is any mention made
of this 3d consulate anywhere but here and in another
inscription given to us by Gruter, p.MLXXV. 10. which Mr.
Ward concludes, therefore, must be a mistake, especially
since in several of Gruter's inscriptions Pompeianus is
joined with him in his 2d consulate agreeably to the Fasti.
The two fragments of the glass bowl with the name
AKTAIΩN on one and a dog's head on the other, cut, as
supposed, with an adamant, are very curious.
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Mr. Gale observes, that the cohors mentioned here, though
inferior in number, seem to have had the preference in
dignity, being also honoured with the name Gordiana after
the emperor. It must also have been the first cohort of the
legion it belonged to; for Vegetius tells us, that the first
cohort of the legion was called Milliaria, and consisted of
1105 foot and 132 horse; and as the several cohorts of a
legion and their auxiliaries bore the same proportion to
each other, so the first auxiliary cohort must have
contained as many in number as the first legionary cohort,
and though this might have been the 2d of the Tungri as
perhaps levied after the first, it might be the first of the
wing to which it belonged, and dignified with these
honourable titles for some peculiar merit. Neither is it
improbable that it might belong to the Ala Aug. Gordiana ob
virtutem appellata quartered in this country. Mr. Gale was
further of opinion, that CL must be numeral, for though the
true number of horse in a cohort is said to be no more than
132, as that was not always certain, especially in the lower
empire, this cohort of Tungri might chance to have a few
more in it than usual, and that might be a very good reason
to express it on this stone, it being of some consideration
to be more numerous than the others. Instante may occur in
the very imperfect inscription given by Horsley, Scotland,
7. XXXIX. INS. So we have --- instans operi regnisque
futuris, AEn. I. 504. and instans operibus, Plin. Paneg.
c.18. Princ for Principe in the ninth line is the proper
name of a man, and occurs often in Gruter. There being no
cross stroke in the N of MARTIN it is to be read Martino not
Martiano. X KALI is decimo kal. Januarii, Junii, or Julii.
IMP DNG AVG III. he believed must be read Imperatore Domino
nostro Gordinano Augusto tertio, and what follows, Pompeiano
consulibus, and that it is no mistake of the emperor being
the 3d time consul instead of the 2d, for in Gruter he is
mentioned as consul the 2d time with
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Page 203:-
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Pompeianus, and as it was in the 4th year of his reign that
he was consul with him, these numerals cannot refer to a 3d
consulate which he never took, but must relate to his being
the 3d emperor of that name. If it be objected that it was
not usual for the Roman emperors to style themselves I. II.
III. Mr. Gale answers that there never were three of the
same name thus nearly preceding each other as the three
Gordians, if at any time: however, the inscription in
Gruter, p.MLXXXV. must include a mistake where it represents
this Gordianus P.M. TRIB. POT. COS. III. P.P. the III.
immediately followed COS, and so cannot be applied to any
other word, but is a palpable mistake of the stone-cutter.
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In the wood where the fort has been Mr. Appleby found a
Roman hypocaust, a regular clay floor with above 100 pillars
on it about two feet high, and between every two of them a
hollow parallelopipedon of burnt clay, 16 inches long and
six wide, with a hole through the opposite side serving as
flues. It was five yards by nine within the walls: and on
the pillars was another floor of white stone, about an inch
thick, curiously cemented for the bath. There was also found
the bottom and sides of an iron grate, and some pieces of
charcoal were lying scattered up and down on the floor.
Adjoining to the south wall where the grate stood were two
rooms, supported in the same manner with pillars and flues,
and the floors paved as the baths with the addition of a
curious cemented composition of lime, brick, dust, and
pebbles, at least four inches thick, spread over the stone,
of a wonderful hardness. Many other curious floors were
found among the ruins and some coal-ashes: but these were
supposed of later date, as well as several other articles
found here. There was also a cold bath found near the place,
and not far from it something like a cistern about five
yards by 1½, composed of thick slate stones, very
large and set edgewise, well cemented together.
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The two inscriptions, mentioned by Mr. Camden, as discovered
at Castlesteeds and Trederman hard by, Mr. Horsley could no
where find. Trederman is much nearer Burdoswald than
Cambeck, and there is nothing of Roman antiquity in that
castle or about it: nor are they at Naworth, where is half
an altar standing in a gate, which Mr. Horsley could not
think had any relation to them. There is also a large altar
built up in the jamb of a chimney at Whitefield, about a
mile west from this fort, which the old people said was
brought from hence or a part of the wall very near it. But
it is so defaced that not a letter is visible on it. No
decisive conjectures can therefore be offered on these two
inscriptions.
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In Holland's edition is the following inscription given as
lately found on a fair votive altar erected to the goddess
Nymphe of the Brigantes for the health of the empress
Plautilla wife to M. Aurelius Antoninus Severus, and the
whole imperial family by Cocceius Nigrinus, a treasurer to
the emperor, when Laetus was 2d time consul:
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which intricate connexion of letters the Doctor read,
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It is not in the additions to the edition of 1722, nor could
Mr. Horsley find it, but he was of opinion it should be
referred to some part near Cambeck or Brampton.
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...
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other name:-
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Castlesteeds
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other name:-
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Cambeck Fort
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other name:-
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Voreda
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other name:-
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Petriana
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date:-
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1789
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person:-
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: Goodman, Mr
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person:-
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: Gale, Mr
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person:-
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: Aylosse, Joseph, Sir
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person:-
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archaeologist
: Horsley, John
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person:-
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: Ward, Professor
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person:-
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: Appleby, Mr
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person:-
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: Appleby, Mrs
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person:-
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: Gordon Mr
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person:-
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: Hertford, Lord
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period:-
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18th century, late; 1780s
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old text:- |
Camden 1789
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Britannia, or A Chorographical Description of the
Flourishing Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, by
William Camden, 1586, translated from the 1607 Latin edition
by Richard Gough, published London, 1789. |
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Page 176:-
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... Under this [?Brampton] and at Castle steeds, q.d. Castle
place, as also at Trederman were found these inscriptions,
which the right hon. lord William Howard of Naworth, 3d son
of the most noble Thomas duke of Norfolk, and an attentive
and learned searcher into venerable antiquity, who possesses
estates hereabouts in right of his wife, sister and coheir
of the last baron Dacre, copied for me with his own hand:
See Pl. VIII. fig.8 The following there also in an antient
hypocaust, in which the name of the Legatus Augusti and
Propraetor in Britain is unfortunately lost: See Pl. VIII.
fig.9.
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placename:-
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Castle Steeds
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other name:-
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Castle Place
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person:-
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: Howard, William, Lord
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date:-
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1789
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period:-
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18th century, late; 1780s
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old print:- |
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Print, uncoloured engraving, Roman Antiquities at
Castlesteeds, Cumberland, engraved by Basire, perhaps
1770s-80s.
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Plate 11, figures 8 to 12 of vol.11 p.66; two roman
altars and other items.
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printed at bottom right, centre:-
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[Basire Sc] / Roman Antiquities at Castlesteeds in
Cumberland.
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placename:-
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Castlesteeds
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date:-
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1770=1789
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period:-
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18th century, late
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text:- |
Rivet and Smith 1979
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The roman fort at Castlesteads, Cumberland, besides the
Cam Beck.
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placename:-
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Camboglanna
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other name:-
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Gabaglanda
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other name:-
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Cambroianna
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other name:-
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Amboglanna
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photographs
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Camboglanna -- Hadrian's Wall -- Cam Beck --
Castlesteads -- Walton -- Cumbria /
-- From Hutchinson 1794 map 2.
-- 'PETRIANA'
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Old Cumbria Gazetteer - JandMN: 2008
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Lakes Guides
menu.