Old Cumbria Gazetteer

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	place:-	Maglona
	locality:-	Old Carlisle
	parish	Westward parish, once in Cumberland
	county:-	Cumbria
		roman fort
	coordinates:-	NY260464
	10Km square:-	NY24
	1Km square	NY2646
		roman fort, Old Carlisle -- Old Carlisle -- Westward -- Cumbria / -- From Hutchinson 1794 map 2. -- 'OLENACUM now Old Carlisle'
	old text:-	Camden 1789 (Gough Additions)
		Britannia, or A Chorographical Description of the Flourishing Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, by William Camden, 1586, translated from the 1607 Latin edition by Richard Gough, published London, 1789.
		Page 186:-
		...
		The Ala Augusta continued at Old Carlisle, as we learn from inscriptions from A.D. 188 to A.D. 242. The Notitia at Olenacum seems to call it Ala Herculea. A military way has gone from the wall southward from Old Carlisle to Elenborough. The ruins of the Roman town and station are very grand and conspicuous on a large and visible military way leading directly to Carlisle and the wall, and there is no other station on the wall between it and Carlisle. There seems to have been a double rampart round it. The river Wiza runs about half a mile from the south and west side, and from the west is a fine prospect to the sea. The first of Mr. Camden;'s inscriptions is now in the west wall of the garden at Drumburgh. Mr. Gale in Phil. Trans. No.357, reads the first word of the 5th line LING. N. quasi Lingonensis for the name of the province or place whence Tiberius or Justinus came. Another found here belonging to the same ala has been mentioned at Elenborough, and is Horsley's lvii. The next may have been on a defaced altar in the hayloft at Drumburgh. The third was brought away by sir Robert Cotton to Connington, and is now at Trinity college Cambridge. The letters rude and uneven. The Ala is here called Gordiana, the date A.D. 242, under the reign of Gordian III. The altars at Wigton are probably gone. The milliary was in Horsley's time at Naworth castle, now at Rookby. The other two are now lost, but the second of them may be a dedication to Ocean, as Ward, or to Mars, and Mercury, and the next two may be effaced from two altars now at Drumburgh. The other articles mentioned by Mr. Camden I take to be Lares.
		Another inscription on an altar by the ala Augusta found here 1756 is copied from Gent. Mag. Sept. 1756, and is to be thus read:
		Two more inscriptions found here are copied from Gent. Mag. May 1757. XXVII. p.220.
		Old Carlisle is in the parish of Westward.
	placename:-	Olenacum
	person:-	: Gale, Mr
	date:-	1789
	period:-	18th century, late; 1780s
	old text:-	Camden 1789
		Britannia, or A Chorographical Description of the Flourishing Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, by William Camden, 1586, translated from the 1607 Latin edition by Richard Gough, published London, 1789.
		Page 172:-
		...
		... the Wiza another little stream, at whose source the poor remains of an antient city stand as monuments that nothing in this world is exempt from the lot of mortality. This is now called by the inhabitants Old Carlisle: what was its antient name I know not, unless it was CASTRA EXPLORATUM, The distance in Antoninus (who does not take the shortest way, but recites the more considerable places), agrees both from Bulgium and Luguvallum. The situation was very convenient for discovering an enemy; for it stands on a hill of considerable height, affording a good view of the country all round. Certain it is, that the wing, which, for its valor, was called AUGUSTA and AUGUSTA GORDIANA was here in the time of Gordian, from the following inscriptions which I saw in the neighbourhood of this place at Ilkirk:
		From hence were brought the altars that stand by the road side at Wigton, having on their sides a simpulum, a futile, a mallet, a patera, and other instruments of sacrifice: but the letters are entirely worn out by time. Not far from hence was dug up by the military way a pillar of rough stone, now at Thoresby, with the inscription:
		This was likewise copied for me by that most learned minister Oswald Dikes, now preserved in his brother T. Dike's house at Wardal.
		Another similar isncription in honour of a topical deity has also been found:
		besides great numbers of small images, statues on horses, eagles, lions, Ganimedes, and many other evidences of antiquity continually coming to light.
	placename:-	Old Carlisle
	other name:-	Castra Exploratum
	person:-	: Antoninus
	date:-	1789
	period:-	18th century, late; 1780s
	old map:-	Bowen and Kitchin 1760 -- probably relevant
		New Map of the Counties of Cumberland and Westmoreland, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, Emanuel Bowen and Thomas Kitchin, published by T Bowles, John Bowles and Son, Robert Sayer, and John Tinney, 1760; published 1760-87.
		circle, tower, in a ring of hachuring
	date:-	1760
	period:-	18th century, late; 1760s
	old map:-	Stukeley 1723
		The roman name belongs elsewhere.
		Map of roman roads through Britain, scale about 55 miles to 1 inch, derived from the Antonine Itineraries, plotted by William Stukeley, 1723, published London, 1724.
	placename:-	Old Carlile
	other name:-	Castra Exploratorum
	date:-	1723
	period:-	18th century, early; 1720s
	source:-	Rivet and Smith 1979
		Probably the roman fort at Old Carlisle, Cumberland.
		This is NOT Olenacum.
	placename:-	Maglona
	other name:-	Maglove
	other name:-	Maglone
	old map:-	Horsley 1732
		NB: Horsley's ideas are not all accepted today.
		Map, Britannia Antiqua, by Johanne Horsley, 1732. (nb this is tentative data)
		Olenacum / Old Carlisle
	placename:-	Olenacum
	other name:-	Old Carlisle
	date:-	1732
	period:-	18th century, late; 1780s
	Old Cumbria Gazetteer - JandMN: 2008

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