Old Cumbria Gazetteer

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	placename:-	Galava
	locality:-	Brathay, River
	locality:-	Waterhead
	locality:-	Ambleside
	parish	Lakes parish, once in Westmorland
	county:-	Cumbria
		roman fort
	coordinates:-	NY376033
	10Km square:-	NY30
		Built to guard the roman road from Brougham to Ravenglass, 1st century.
	1Km square	NY3703
		Galava -- Brathay, River -- Waterhead -- Ambleside -- Lakes -- Cumbria / -- The site does not catch the eye. -- 22.1.2011
	old map:-	OS County Series (Wmd 26 10)
		County Series maps of Great Britain, scales 6 and 25 inches to 1 mile, published by the Ordnance Survey, Southampton, Hampshire, from about 1863 to 1948.
	placename:-	Dictis
		antiquity
	date:-	1890=1899
	period:-	19th century, late; 1890s
	descriptive text:-	Ford 1839 (3rd edn 1843)
		Description of Scenery in the Lake District, by William Ford, published by Charles Thurnham, London, et al, 1839; published 1839-52.
		Page 32:-
		...
		[Ambleside] ... was formerly the site of a Roman station; ruined wall and traces of fortifications are discernible, and armour and coins have been found. ...
	date:-	1839
	period:-	19th century, early; 1830s
	old text:-	Camden 1789 (Gough Additions)
		Britannia, or A Chorographical Description of the Flourishing Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, by William Camden, 1586, translated from the 1607 Latin edition by Richard Gough, published London, 1789.
		Page 144:-
		...
		At the head of the lake [Windermere], and level with it, not far from Ambleside, is a Roman fort, single ditch, 396 feet by 240 the shortest side next the water, in which have been found Roman antiquities, though its name cannot be ascertained.
	date:-	1789
	period:-	18th century, late; 1780s
	old text:-	Camden 1789 (Gough Additions)
		Britannia, or A Chorographical Description of the Flourishing Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, by William Camden, 1586, translated from the 1607 Latin edition by Richard Gough, published London, 1789.
		Page 155:-
		...
		At the upper corner of Windermere water, not far from the present town of Ambleside, lies the carcase of an antient city with large ruins of walls, and without the walls the rubbish of old buildings in many places: adjoining to which and opening to the water has been a fort of an oblong figure 165 by 100 yards, fortified with a ditch and rampart. Pieces of bricks, little urns, glass phials, Roman coins, round stones like mill-stones, of which soldered together they were wont to make pillars (for hypocausts, and the paved ways leading to it, are undeniable testimonies of its being a work of the Romans. And to this place Mr. Horsley supposes the military ways to have gone which pass by Pap castle and through Graystock park. This fort is guarded on the west by the conflux of the rivers Rowthey and Brathey, on the south by Windermere, a high rock at a small distance intercepted the north wind, and being fortified with a ditch and rampart it was only accessible from the south-east.
		Mr. Ward supposed the name of this station DICTIS, and removed AMBOGLANA to Burdoswald, it being placed by the Notitia ad lineam valli. Among other pieces of antiquity discovered in this fort, were several Roman coins in all metals, which make part of the cabinet given by deed 1674 by Mr. Thomas Brathwate to the university of Oxford, many of them found in Barran's ring, a square fort in this lordship.
	placename:-	Dictis
	person:-	: Brathwaite, Thomas
	date:-	1789
	period:-	18th century, late; 1780s
	old text:-	Camden 1789
		Britannia, or A Chorographical Description of the Flourishing Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, by William Camden, 1586, translated from the 1607 Latin edition by Richard Gough, published London, 1789.
		Page 147:-
		...
		At the upper point of Winandermere lies the carcase as it were of an antient city with great ruins of walls and of buildings without the walls still remaining scattered about. It was of an oblong form defended by a fosse and vallum, in length 132 ells and in breadth 80. The British bricks, the mortar mixed with fragments of bricks, the small urns, glass vessels, Roman coins frequently found, round stone like mill-stones, of which piled on one another pillars were formerly made, and the paved roads leading to it plainly bespeak it a Roman work. Its antient name indeed is lost unless as it is at present called Ambleside any one should suppose it the AMBOGLANA of the Notitia.
	placename:-	Amboglana
	date:-	1789
	period:-	18th century, late; 1780s
	descriptive text:-	Farington 1789 (plate 16)
		20 engravings, Views of the Lakes in Cumberland and Westmorland, drawn by Joseph Farington, published by William Byrne, London, 1789.
		Descriptive text with a print, View of Ambleside, Lakes, Cumbria, painted by Joseph Farington, engraved by T Medland, published by W Byrne, 69 Titchfield Street, London, 1789:-
		... Near the Head of Windermere, ... is the vestige of a Roman Station. It lies in a Meadow on a Level with the Lake, and, as supposed, was called the Dictis, where a Part of the Cohort of the Numerous Dictentium was stationed. The Extent of the Fortress, as he gives Dimensions, was one hundred and thirty-two Ells in Length and eighty in Breadth. Its Form an oblong Square with obtuse Angles. It is placed near the Meeting of all the Roads from Penrith, Keswick, Ravenglass, Furness and Kendal, which it commanded, and was accessible only on one Side. Roman Bricks, Urns, and other earthen Vessels, Coins, Mill-Stones or Quern-Stones, as he calls them, were frequently found here. ...
	placename:-	Dictis
	date:-	1789
	period:-	18th century, late
	old map:-	West 1784 map
		A Map of the Lakes in Cumberland, Westmorland and Lancashire, now Cumbria, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, engraved by Paas, 53 Holborn, London, included in the Guide to the Lakes by Thomas West, published by William Pennington, Kendal, Westmorland, and in London, from the 3rd edition 1784, to 1821.
		Camp
		goto source.
		roman fort
	county:-	Westmorland
	descriptive text:-	West 1778 (11th edn 1821)
		Guide book, A Guide to the Lakes, by Thomas West, published by William Pennington, Kendal, Cumbria once Westmorland, and in London, 1778 to 1821.
		goto source.
		Page 75:-
		Just at the head of Windermere, and a little short of Ambleside, turn down a bye-road to the left, and see the vestige of a Roman station. It lies in a meadow, on a level with the lake, and, as supposed, was called the Dictis, where a part of the cohort Nerviorum Dictenium was stationed. It is placed near the meetings of all the roads from Penrith, Keswick, Ravenglass, Furness, and Kendal, which it commanded, and was accessible only on one side.
		...
		Here nothing at present is found of all that Camden mentions of this place. So swift is
		goto source.
		Page 76:-
		time in destroying the last remains of ancient magnificence! Roman coins and arms have been frequently found here; and, in forming the turnpike-road through Rydal, an urn was lately taken up, which contained ashes and other Roman remains, and serves to prove that the tract of the ancient road laid that way.
		...
		goto source.
		Page 151:-
		... At Ambleside, when I enquired for the Roman station, a few years ago, no person could inform me of it, till one considering my description, answered, it is the castle. ...
	placename:-	Dictis
	person:-	unit : Nerviorum Dictenium cohort
	date:-	1778
	period:-	18th century, late; 1770s
	database:-	Listed Buildings 2010 Listed Buildings 2010
		courtesy of English Heritage
		BORRAN'S FIELD (GALAVA ROMAN FORT) / / / LAKES / SOUTH LAKELAND / CUMBRIA / I / 450573 / NY3718203423
		courtesy of English Heritage
		National Trust. Remains of 2 Roman forts of different dates, with granaries etc. On splendid site in open field on lake edge, now a public open space.
	placename:-	Galava
	district:-	South Lakeland
		listed building
	coordinates:-	NY37180342
	date:-	2010
	period:-	2010s
	descriptive text:-	Keer 1605 (edn 1620)
		Map, Westmorlandia et Comberlandia, ie Westmorland and Cumberland now Cumbria, scale about 16 miles to 1 inch, probably by Pieter van den Keere, or Peter Keer, about 1605; published about 1605 to 1676.
		third page
		(10) Other matters worthy observation are onely these: That at Amboglana, now called Am-
		fourth page
		[Am]ble-side, neere the upper corner of Winander mear, there appeares at this day the ruines of an ancient Citie, which by the British-Brickes, by Romane-money oftentimes found there, by High-wayes paved leading unto it, and other likelihoods, seemes to have beene a worke of the Romanes: the Fortresse thereof so long fenced with a ditch and rampire, that it took up in length one hundred thirtie two Ells, and in bredth eight. ...
	placename:-	Amboglana
	date:-	1620
	period:-	17th century; 1620s
	old map:-	Horsley 1732
		NB: Horsley's ideas are not all accepted today.
		Map, Britannia Antiqua, by Johanne Horsley, 1732. (nb this is tentative data)
		Dictis / Ambleside
	placename:-	Dictis
	other name:-	Ambleside
	date:-	1732
	period:-	18th century, late; 1780s
	old print:-
		Print, uncoloured engraving, North East Gateway of the Station of Amboglana, 180s-90s?
		printed at bottom:-
		NORTH-EAST GATEWAY OF THE STATION OF AMBOGLANA
	placename:-	Amboglana
	date:-	1880=199
	period:-	19th century, late
	source:-	Rivet and Smith 1979
		The roman fort at Ambleside, Westmorland, on the River Brathay.
	placename:-	Galava
	other name:-	Calunio
	other name:-	Caluuio
	other name:-	Colunio
	other name:-	Galunio
	other name:-	Galluio
	descriptive text:-	Palmer 1926
		... Though Camden gloridfied the camp as the carcass of a mighty city, the spade has given no direct evidence of either period or name. An old sandal seems to be the most distinctive find. It is not intended to decry the camp and its investgators. To the ordinary visitor it must be confessed that no remarkable thing is at present visible. ... there is no harm in looking round. ...
	date:-	1926
	period:-	1920s
		photographs
		Galava -- Brathay, River -- Waterhead -- Ambleside -- Lakes -- Cumbria / -- Porta praetoria, main gate -- 22.1.2011
		Galava -- Brathay, River -- Waterhead -- Ambleside -- Lakes -- Cumbria / -- Angle tower. -- 22.1.2011
		Galava -- Brathay, River -- Waterhead -- Ambleside -- Lakes -- Cumbria / -- Porta principalis, south gate. -- 22.1.2011
		Galava -- Brathay, River -- Waterhead -- Ambleside -- Lakes -- Cumbria / -- Praetorium. -- 22.1.2011
		Galava -- Brathay, River -- Waterhead -- Ambleside -- Lakes -- Cumbria / -- Principia. -- 22.1.2011
		Galava -- Brathay, River -- Waterhead -- Ambleside -- Lakes -- Cumbria / -- Horrea, granaries. -- 22.1.2011
		photographs
		courtesy of the Armitt Library
		Galava -- Brathay, River -- Waterhead -- Ambleside -- Lakes -- Cumbria / -- Collingood's reconstruction of the fort.
		Galava -- Brathay, River -- Waterhead -- Ambleside -- Lakes -- Cumbria / -- Samian ware from the fort.
		Galava -- Brathay, River -- Waterhead -- Ambleside -- Lakes -- Cumbria / -- Gravestone excavated at Galava.
	hearsay	A gravestone found on the site (in Kendal Museum):- To the good gods of the underworld / Flavius Fuscinus retired / from the Centurionship / Lived 55 years: / To the good gods of the underworld / Flavius Romanus, record clerk / lived for 35 years / Killed in the fort by the enemy.
	Old Cumbria Gazetteer - JandMN: 2008

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  email:- JandMN@norgate.freeserve.co.uk
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