Old Cumbria Gazetteer

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	placename:-	Whitehaven
	parish	Whitehaven borough, once in Cumberland
	county:-	Cumbria
		building/s -- market town;
	coordinates:-	NX974182
	10Km square:-	NX91
	place code:-	Whth
	1Km square	NX9718
		Whitehaven -- Whitehaven -- Cumbria / -- 14.10.2005
		Whitehaven -- Whitehaven -- Cumbria / -- 15.7.2008
	text:-	Mason 1907 (edn 1930)
		Page 25:-
		...
		A coal-field stretches from Wigton to Whitehaven. Maryport, Workington, and Whitehaven are all busy towns among the collieries, ...
	date:-	1907
	period:-	1900s
	old map:-	OS County Series (Cmd 67 2) OS County Series (Cmd 67 6)
		County Series maps of Great Britain, scales 6 and 25 inches to 1 mile, published by the Ordnance Survey, Southampton, Hampshire, from about 1863 to 1948.
		County Series maps of Great Britain, scales 6 and 25 inches to 1 mile, published by the Ordnance Survey, Southampton, Hampshire, from about 1863 to 1948.
	placename:-	Whitehaven
		building/s
	date:-	1890=1899
	period:-	19th century, late; 1890s
	old map:-	Garnett 1850s-60s H
		Map of the English Lakes, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, published by John Garnett, Windermere, Westmorland, 1850s-60s.
		WHITEHAVEN
		blocks, settlement, and a minimal street plan
	placename:-	Whitehaven
	date:-	1850=1869
	period:-	19th century, late; 1850s; 1860s
	old map:-	Ford 1839 map
		Map of the Lake District, published in A Description of Scenery in the Lake District, by William Ford, published by Charles Thurnham, London, 1839.
		WHITEHAVEN
	placename:-	Whitehaven
	county:-	Cumberland
	date:-	1839
	period:-	19th century, early; 1830s
	descriptive text:-	Ford 1839 (3rd edn 1843)
		Description of Scenery in the Lake District, by William Ford, published by Charles Thurnham, London, et al, 1839; published 1839-52.
		...
		THE order in which the Lakes should be visited, if seen in any prescribed order at all, can be pointed out much more easily than satisfactorily. Lancaster and Kendal in the south, Carlisle and Penrith in the north, formerly offered the readiest facilities of access to this Northern Elysium; but since the improvement of steam navigation, Whitehaven and other ports have become equally suitable as starting places. One advantage, however, remains in favour of the old routes, that the direct lines are better, especially for carriages, although to the pedestrian this will not be a matter of any great importance.
		Page 78:-
		...
		Four miles will carry you from the quiet, studious cloisters of Saint Bees, into the midst of the bustling and commercial activity of Whitehaven. The piers and coal-pits are the chief objects of
		Page 79:-
		notice here. The Earl of Lonsdale has also a large mansion, called the Castle. The tourist from Dublin, Liverpool, or Glasgow, may land here and penetrate into the Lakes by way of Egremont, Gosforth, Wast Water, over the Stye Head into Borrowdale, and thence to Keswick or Ambleside.
		Page 172:-
		...
		WHITEHAVEN is a well-built town. During the last century, it has risen into importance in consequence of its vicinity to the extensive coal-mines of the Earl of Lonsdale. The harbour is large and safe, being protected by an extensive pier, built after a design by Sir John Rennie. Upwards of 140,000 chaldrons of coals are annually exported.
		Page 173:-
		There are three churches in the town, a Scotch church, and several dissenting meeting-houses. Steam-packets ply between Dublin and Whitehaven regularly, as well as Liverpool, the Isle of Man, and Scotland. This town sends one member to Parliament. Population, 11,393; market-days, Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday; inns, Black Lion, Golden Lion, and Globe.
	placename:-	Whitehaven
	date:-	1839
	period:-	19th century, early; 1830s
	descriptive text:-	Otley 1823 (5th edn 1834)
		Guidebook, Concise Description of the English Lakes, later A Description of the English Lakes, by Jonathan Otley, published by the author, Keswick, Cumberland, by J Richardson, London, and by Arthur Foster, Kirky Lonsdale, Cumbria, 1823 onwards.
		goto source.
		Page 163:-
		... Coal is raised at Greysouthen, Gilcrux, and Plumbland; and there are extensive fields of coal beneath the town of Whitehaven, at Workington, ...
	date:-	1823
	period:-	19th century, early; 1820s
	source:-	Otley 1818
		New Map of the District of the Lakes, in Westmorland, Cumberland, and Lancashire, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by Jonathan Otley, engraved by J and G Menzies, Edinburgh, Lothian, Scotland, published by J Otley, Keswick, Cumberland now Cumbria, 1818; pblished 1818 to 1850s.
		goto source.
		WHITEHAVEN
	placename:-	Whitehaven
	old text:-	Camden 1789 (Gough Additions)
		Britannia, or A Chorographical Description of the Flourishing Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, by William Camden, 1586, translated from the 1607 Latin edition by Richard Gough, published London, 1789.
		Page 180:-
		...
		Below St. Bees and in its parish is Whitehaven a handsome regular town, so called from the white rocks and cliffs. It is chiefly beholden for its improvement to sir John Lowther, who took his title of distinction from it, and whose descendants have a considerable estate here. It contains 1200 inhabitants, and has 190 great ships, mostly employed in the coal trade; three chapels, four meeting-houses, and a good artificial harbour with a long pier. The collieries lie at the foot of an hill 80 fathoms deep, by an easy descent bricked and vaulted. The town and collieries produced a revenue of 16,000 a year to the late sir James Lowther, who had here a magazine of oats, which he always sold to the colliers at 5s. per bushel Cumberland or three Winchester measure
		Whitehaven in 1566 had but six houses and only one pickard of eight or nine tons; in 1582 twelve small ships. Sir Christopher, 2d son of sir John Lowther, purchased the lands of St. Bees priory here, and settled here and died 1644. The late sir James lived to see about 11000 inhabitants, and about 260 sail ships of near 30,000 tuns burthen. Thirty of them are employed in foreign trade and the rest in the coal trade, and export yearly above 20,000 tuns. He devised his estates here to sir William Lowther of Holker, bart. who dying the next year was succeeded in the said estates, reckoned 14,000£. a year, by the present sir James Lowther, created earl of Lonsdale 1780. ...
	placename:-	Whitehaven
	person:-	: Lowther, John, Sir
	person:-	: Lowther Family
	person:-	: Lowther, James, Sir; Lonsdale, Earl of
	date:-	1789
	period:-	18th century, late; 1780s
	descriptive text:-	West 1778 (11th edn 1821)
		Guide book, A Guide to the Lakes, by Thomas West, published by William Pennington, Kendal, Cumbria once Westmorland, and in London, 1778 to 1821.
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		Account of Ennerdale, late 18th century
		Page 295:-
		Within these few years, several visitors of the lakes extend their tour, by taking in Whitehaven, ...
		goto source.
		Mrs Radcliffe's Ride over Skiddaw, 1794
		Page 307:-
		...
		[on Skiddaw] ... Whitehaven, and its white coast, were distinctly seen; ...
	date:-	1760; 1794
	period:-	18th century, late; 1760s; 1790s
	old map:-	Bowen and Kitchin 1760
		New Map of the Counties of Cumberland and Westmoreland, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, Emanuel Bowen and Thomas Kitchin, published by T Bowles, John Bowles and Son, Robert Sayer, and John Tinney, 1760; published 1760-87.
		Whitehaven Mar. Thur.
		blocks, street plan, town, market
	placename:-	Whitehaven
		market town
	date:-	1760
	period:-	18th century, late; 1760s
	old map:-	Mackenzie 1760s
		WHITEHAVEN
	placename:-	Whitehaven
	date:-	1760
	period:-	18th century, late; 1760s
	descriptive text:-	Simpson 1746
		The three volumes of maps and descriptive text published as 'The Agreeable Historian, or the Compleat English Traveller ...', by Samuel Simpson, 1746.
		goto source.
		...
		Whitehaven is a Market Town, ... so called from a great Rock of hard white Stone, standing on the W. Side of it, and the Haven which shelters the Vessels that enter into it from Tempests and Winds. It anciently belong'd to St. Bees, which we shall speak of hereafter.
		The Town of Whitehaven is grown up by Encouragement of the Lowther Family, from a small Place
		goto source.
		to be very considerable for its Coal Trade, which of late Years is so much increas'd, that, next to Newcastle, it is the most eminent Port in England for that Trade. The City of Dublin, and all the Towns of Ireland on that Coast, and some Parts in Scotland, and the Isle of Man, are wholly supply'd from hence. It is frequent in Time of War, on Occasion of cross Winds, to have 200 Sail of Ships at a Time go from this Place to Dublin loaded with Coals. And Sir James Lowther, particularly, is said to send from hence to Ireland, annually, as many Coals as brings him in near 20,000 l. a Year.
		Here is likewise a good Trade for Salt; and by the Increase of Shipping here, and the Advantage the Place has received from two Acts of Parliament in Queen Anne's Reign, to mend and improve the Harbour, and another in his present Majesty's, in 1740, for the same Purpose, and to repair Roads leading to it, the people are led into Merchandizing, and it is now on all Accounts reckon'd a considerable trading Town; tho' in Mr. Camden's Time, it was of so little Consequence that he takes no Notice of it, and his Continuator but little.
		The King has several Officers here to look after the Customs. It is 227 Miles computed distant from London, and 289 measured. The Market is kept on Tuesdays, and the Fair is annually on the 1st of September.
		goto source.
		... Whitehaven, Sir James Lowther's, the other Representative in Parliament for this County. ...
	placename:-	Whitehaven
	person:-	: Lowther Family
	person:-	: Lowther, James, Sir
	date:-	1746
	period:-	18th century, early; 1740s
	old map:-	Badeslade 1742
		A Map of Westmorland North from London, scale about 10 miles to 1 inch, and descriptive text, Cumberland similarly, by Thomas Badeslade, London, engraved and published by William Henry Toms, Union Court, Holborn, London, 1742.
		Whitehaven Market Thursd: Fair September 1st.
	placename:-	Whitehaven
	date:-	1742
	period:-	18th century, early; 1740s
	descriptive text:-	Defoe 1724-26
		Travel book, Tour through England and Wales, by Daniel Defoe, published in parts, London, 1724-26.
		Under this shore, the navigation being secured by this cape of St. Bees, is the town of Whitehaven, grown up from a small place to be very considerable by the coal trade, which is encreased so considerably of late, that it is now the most eminent port in England for shipping off coals, except Newcastle and Sunderland, and even beyond the last, for they wholly supply the city of Dublin, and all the towns of Ireland on that coast; and 'tis frequent in time of war, or upon the ordinary occasion of cross winds, to have two hundred sail of ships at a time go from this place for Dublin, loaden with coals.
		They have of late fallen into some merchandizing also, occasioned by the great number of their shipping, and there are now some considerable merchants; but the town is yet but young in trade, and that trade is so far from being ancient, that Mr. Cambden does not so much as name the place, and his continuator says very little of it.
	placename:-	Whitehaven
	date:-	1724=1726
	period:-	18th century, early; 1720s
	descriptive text:-	Defoe 1724-26
		Travel book, Tour through England and Wales, by Daniel Defoe, published in parts, London, 1724-26.
		... and the sea [Irish Sea] itself seemed desolate and wild, for it was a sea without ships, here [Lancaster and Cumberland coast] being no sea port or place of trade, especially for merchants; so that, except colliers passing between Ireland and Whitehaven with coals, the people told us they should not see a ship under sail for many weeks together.
	placename:-	Whitehaven
	date:-	1724=1726
	period:-	18th century, early; 1720s
	old map:-	Morden 1695 (Cmd)
		Maps, Westmorland, scale about 2.5 miles to 1 inch, and Cumberland, scale about 3 miles to 1 inch, by Robert Morden, 1695.
		goto source.
		Whitehaven
		Circle, buildings, towers.
	placename:-	Whitehaven
	county:-	Cumberland
	date:-	1695
	period:-	17th century, late; 1690s
	old map:-	Ogilby 1675 (plate 96)
		Road book, Britannia, strip road maps, with sections in Westmorland and Cumberland etc, scale about 1 inch to 1 mile, by John Ogilby, London, 1675; and a general map of England and Wales.
		goto source.
		In mile 0, Cumberland.
		Turnings left:-
		to Whithaven
	placename:-	Whithaven
	date:-	1675
	period:-	17th century, late; 1670s
	old map:-	Jansson 1646
		Map, Cumbria et Westmoria, or Cumberland and Westmorland, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, by John Jansson, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1646; published 1646-1724.
		Whithaven
		Buildings and tower.
	placename:-	Whithaven
	county:-	Cumberland
	date:-	1646
	period:-	17th century, early; 1640s
	old map:-	Speed 1611 (Cmd)
		Maps, The Countie Westmorland and Kendale the Cheif Towne, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, and Cumberland and the Ancient Citie Carlile, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by John Speed, London, 1611; published 1611-1770.
		Whithave~
		circle, building, tower
	placename:-	Whithaven
	date:-	1611
	period:-	17th century, early; 1610s
	old map:-	Saxton 1576
		Map, Westmorlandiae et Cumberlandiae Comitatus ie Westmorland and Cumberland, scale about 5 miles to 1 inch, by Christopher Saxton, London, engraved by Augustinus Ryther, 1576; published 1579-1645.
		goto source.
		Church, symbol for a parish or village, with a parish church.
		Whithaven
	placename:-	Whithaven
	county:-	Cumberlandia
		village
	date:-	1576
	period:-	16th century, late; 1570s
	source:-	Lloyd 1573
		Map, Angliae Regni, Kingdom of England, with Wales, scale about 24 miles to 1 inch, authored by Humphrey Lloyd, Denbigh, Clwyd, drawn and engraved by Abraham Ortelius, Netherlands, 1573.
		Wythaven
	placename:-	Wythaven
	date:-	1573
	period:-	16th century, late; 1570s
	old map:-	Gough 1350s-60s
		Reproduction of the Gough Map of Great Britain, reduced size, published by the Ordnance Survey, Southampton, Hampshire, 1875; and a full size line reproduction, with added transcriptions of placenames, 1935.
	placename:-	Withaven
	county:-	Cumberland
	market notes:-	see:- Owen: 1792: New Book of Fairs see:- : 1889: Market Rights and Tolls: HM Government see:- Bowen, Emanuel & Kitchin, Thomas: 1760: New Map of the Counties of Cumberland and Westmoreland
		Market day Thursday given on Bowen and Kitchin's map, 1760.
		Market listed by Owen, 1792.
		Market listed by HM Government, 1888.
		market town
	date:-	1792; 1888; 1760
		A limerick from a Dorothy L Sayers story, Whose Body?
	road book:-	Cary 1798 (2nd edn 1802)
		Road book, Cary's New Itinerary, by John Cary, published by G and J Cary, 86 St James's Street, London, 1798-1828.
		page 317-318
		Whitehaven
		market town, post office
		INNS. Whitehaven, George, Globe, King's Arms.
		page 319-320
		Whitehaven
		market town, post office
		INNS. Whitehaven, as p.318
		page 798
		At WHITEHAVEN, for the ISLE OF MAN. / The Packet Boat carrying the Letters to and from the Isle of Man sails from Whitehaven once a Week, and returns as often.
	placename:-	Whitehaven
	date:-	1802
	period:-	19th century, early; 1800s
	old print:-	Linton 1852
		Guide book, A Handbook of the Whitehaven and Furness Railway, guide to the Lake District etc, by John Linton, published by Whittaker and Co, London, etc, 1852.
		Print, engraving, Whitehaven from behind Corkickle, Cumberland, drawn by R Shepherd, engraved by W H Lizars, Edinburgh, published by Whittaker and Co, London, and by R Gibson and Son and by Callander and Dixon, Whitehaven, Cumberland, 1852.
		Frontispiece to A Handbook of the Whitehaven and Furness Railway, by John Linton.
		printed at bottom left, right, centre:-
		R. Shepherd delt. / W. H. Lizars sculpt. / WHITEHAVEN. / from behind Corkickle.
	placename:-	Whitehaven
	date:-	1852
	period:-	19th century, late
	old print:-	Rose 1832-35 (vol.3 no.25)
		Engravings - Westmorland, Cumberland, Durham and Northumberland Illustrated; from drawings by Thomas Allom, George Pickering, and H Gastineau, described by Thomas Rose, published by H Fisher, R Fisher, and P Jackson, Newgate Street, London, 1832-35.
		Print, uncoloured engraving, Whitehaven, Cumberland, drawn by G Pickering, engraved by T Jeavons, published by Fisher, Son and Co, London, 1832-35.
		vol.3 pl.25 in the set of prints, Westmorland, Cumberland, Durham and Northumberland Illustrated.
		printed at bottom left, right, centre:-
		G. Pickering. / T. Jeavons. / WHITEHAVEN, CUMBERLAND.
	placename:-	Whitehaven
	date:-	1832=1835
	period:-	19th century, early
	old print:-
		Print, uncoloured engraving, Whitehaven, Cumberland, drawn by W H Bartlett, engraved by J C Redaway, published 1840s.
		Probably from Findens Views of the Ports, Harbours, Coast Scenery, and Watering Places of Great Britain, as continued by W H Bartlett.
		printed at bottom left, right, centre:-
		W. H. Bartlett. / J. C. Redaway. / WHITEHAVEN, / (with St. Bees-head.)
	placename:-	Whitehaven
	person:-	shepherd
	date:-	1840=1849
	period:-	19th century, early
	old map:-	Unknown 1690
		Sketch map, Whitehaven, Cumberland, about 1690, perhaps redrawn by J Wilson.
		Whitehaven
	placename:-	Whitehaven
	date:-	1690
	period:-	17th century, late; 1690s
	hearsay	John Fletcher Miller was born here, 1816. He recorded the weather in The Lakes, having 35 rain gauges on the fells. He determined that Sty Head was the wettest place in England. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society, 1850; died 1856.
	Old Cumbria Gazetteer - JandMN: 2008

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