Old Cumbria Gazetteer

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	placename:-	Dunmail Raise Stones
	locality:-	Dunmail Raise
	parish	St John's Castlerigg and Wythburn parish, once in Cumberland
	county:-	Cumbria
		cairn
	coordinates:-	NY32721167
	10Km square:-	NY31
	1Km square	NY3211
		Dunmail Raise Stones -- Dunmail Raise -- St John's Castlerigg and Wythburn -- Cumbria / -- Pretty unexciting, and probably piled up anew by navvies. -- 15.2.2006
	old map:-	OS County Series (Cmd 76 1)
		County Series maps of Great Britain, scales 6 and 25 inches to 1 mile, published by the Ordnance Survey, Southampton, Hampshire, from about 1863 to 1948.
	placename:-	Dunmail Raise
		antiquity
	date:-	1890=1899
	period:-	19th century, late; 1890s
	source:-	Martineau 1855
		Guide book, A Complete Guide to the English Lakes, by Harriet Martineau, published by John Garnett, Windermere, Westmorland, and by Whittaker and Co, London, 1855; published 1855-71.
		Page 68:-
		... Dunmail Raise ... The cairn,- a rude mass of stones near the top of the ascent, which the stranger should be on the look out for, marks the spot of a critical conflict in the olden time,- that is, in A.D. 945,- when the Anglo Saxon King Edmund defeated and slew Dunmail, the British King of Cumbria, and then put out the eyes of the two sons of his slain foe, and gave their inheritance to Malcolm, King of Scotland.
	person:-	: Edmund
	person:-	: Dunmail, King of Cumbria
	person:-	: Malcolm, King of Scots
	event:-	battle
	date:-	1855
	period:-	19th century, late; 1850s
	old map:-	Ford 1839 map
		Map of the Lake District, published in A Description of Scenery in the Lake District, by William Ford, published by Charles Thurnham, London, 1839.
		Dunmail Raise Stones
		No symbol, at county border.
	placename:-	Dunmail Raise Stones
	county:-	Cumberland
	date:-	1839
	period:-	19th century, early; 1830s
	descriptive text:-	Ford 1839 (3rd edn 1843)
		Description of Scenery in the Lake District, by William Ford, published by Charles Thurnham, London, et al, 1839; published 1839-52.
		Page 45:-
		DUNMAIL RAISE
		Is a cairn or burrow of stones, marking the place where the last king of Cumbria was defeated by the Saxon Edmund, who put out the eyes of the son before the father's face, wasted his kingdom, and then gave it to Malcolm, king of Scotland, to hold in fealty. The wall dividing the counties is built over it, and the road is partly cut through it. ...
		Page 164:-
		...
		DUNMAIL RAISE is a large cairn, now marking the boundary line between Westmorland and Cumberland: tradition ascribes it to the memory of a British king of that name, who was here defeated and slain in battle by Edmund I. of England. ...
	person:-	: Dunmail, King of Cumberland
	person:-	: Edmund, King of Northumbria
	date:-	1839
	period:-	19th century, early; 1830s
	old text:-	Camden 1789 (Gough Additions)
		Britannia, or A Chorographical Description of the Flourishing Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, by William Camden, 1586, translated from the 1607 Latin edition by Richard Gough, published London, 1789.
		Page 155:-
		...
		On a high pass between the hills near Rydal is a large Carnedd called Dunmail Wray's stones, collected in memory of a defeat given 946 to a petty king of Cumberland by Edmund I. who gave his territory to Malcolm king of Scotland, on consideration he preserved the peace of the North of England. The map makes it nine single stones.
		Dunmail Raise is a large mountain, great part whereof is in Gresmere parish, and is so called from a heap or raise of stones by the road side, which divides Cumberland from this county, thrown together either by Dunmail king of Cumberland as a mark of the utmost border of his kingdom, or by some other in memory of him.
	placename:-	Dunmail Wray's Stones
	person:-	: Dunmail, King of Cumberland
	person:-	: Edmund I
	person:-	: Malcolm, King of Scots
	date:-	1789
	period:-	18th century, late; 1780s
	old map:-	Clarke 1787 map (Ambleside to Keswick)
		Map series, lakes and roads to the Lakes, by James Clarke, engraved by S J Neele, 352 Strand, London, included in A Survey of the Lakes of Cumberland, Westmorland and Lancashire, published by James Clarke, Penrith, and in London etc, from 1787 to 1793.
		Marked by a group of stones.
		stones
	date:-	1787
	period:-	18th century, late; 1780s
	old map:-	West 1784 map
		A Map of the Lakes in Cumberland, Westmorland and Lancashire, now Cumbria, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, engraved by Paas, 53 Holborn, London, included in the Guide to the Lakes by Thomas West, published by William Pennington, Kendal, Westmorland, and in London, from the 3rd edition 1784, to 1821.
		goto source.
		A number of stones drawn either side of the road.
	placename:-	Dunmail Raise Stones
	county:-	Westmorland
	county:-	Cumberland
	date:-	1784
	period:-	18th century, late; 1780s
	old map:-	Bowen and Kitchin 1760
		New Map of the Counties of Cumberland and Westmoreland, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, Emanuel Bowen and Thomas Kitchin, published by T Bowles, John Bowles and Son, Robert Sayer, and John Tinney, 1760; published 1760-87.
		Dunmail Raise Stones
		array of standing stones, mostly W of road
	placename:-	Dunmail Raise Stones
	date:-	1760
	period:-	18th century, late; 1760s
	old map:-	Simpson 1746 map (Wmd)
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		Dunmaile Raise Stones
	placename:-	Dunmaile Raise Stones
	county:-	Westmorland
	date:-	1746
	period:-	18th century, early; 1740s
	descriptive text:-	Bowen 1720 (plate 260)
		Road book, Britannia Depicta Or Ogilby Improv'd, including road strip maps with sections in Westmorland, scale about 2 miles to 1 inch, derived from maps by Ogilby, 1675, and a county map of Westmorland, scale about 8 miles to 1 inch, with text by John Owen, published by Emanuel Bowen, London, 1720; published 1720-64.
		Between mile 19 and 20, enter Cumberland, Dunmail Raise Stones drawn by 6 upstanding stones on left, west, of road.
		Dunmail Raise Stones Are supposed to have been erected by Dunmail K. of Cumberland for ye bounds of his Kingdom. (at 20)
	placename:-	Dunmail Raise Stones
	person:-	: Dunmail
	date:-	1720
	period:-	18th century, early; 1720s
	old map:-	Ogilby 1675 (plate 96)
		Road book, Britannia, strip road maps, with sections in Westmorland and Cumberland etc, scale about 1 inch to 1 mile, by John Ogilby, London, 1675; and a general map of England and Wales.
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		In mile 19, Cumberland.
		Dunmaile Raise Stones
		six standing stones on the left of the road.
	placename:-	Dunmaile Raise Stones
	date:-	1675
	period:-	17th century, late; 1670s
	old map:-	Jansson 1646
		Map, Cumbria et Westmoria, or Cumberland and Westmorland, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, by John Jansson, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1646; published 1646-1724.
		Dunbalrase stones
		Marked by two very square pillars; at county boundary.
	placename:-	Dunbalrase Stones
	county:-	Westmorland
	county:-	Cumberland
	date:-	1646
	period:-	17th century, early; 1640s
	old map:-	Speed 1611 (Cmd)
		Maps, The Countie Westmorland and Kendale the Cheif Towne, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, and Cumberland and the Ancient Citie Carlile, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by John Speed, London, 1611; published 1611-1770.
		Dunbalrase Stones
		two standing stones on the county boundary
	placename:-	Dunbalrase Stones
	date:-	1611
	period:-	17th century, early; 1610s
	old map:-	Speed 1611 (Wmd)
		Maps, The Countie Westmorland and Kendale the Cheif Towne, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, and Cumberland and the Ancient Citie Carlile, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by John Speed, London, 1611; published 1611-1770.
		Dunbalrase Stones
		two standing stones; on county boundary
	placename:-	Dunbalrase Stones
	date:-	1611
	period:-	17th century, early; 1610s
	old map:-	Saxton 1576
		Map, Westmorlandiae et Cumberlandiae Comitatus ie Westmorland and Cumberland, scale about 5 miles to 1 inch, by Christopher Saxton, London, engraved by Augustinus Ryther, 1576; published 1579-1645.
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		Dunbalrase stones
		2 stones on the county boundary.
	placename:-	Dunbalrase Stones
	county:-	Westmorelandia
		stone
	date:-	1576
	period:-	16th century, late; 1570s
	road book:-	Cary 1798 (2nd edn 1802)
		Road book, Cary's New Itinerary, by John Cary, published by G and J Cary, 86 St James's Street, London, 1798-1828.
		page 317-318
		Dunmel Wrays Stones
	placename:-	Dunmel Wrays Stones
	date:-	1802
	period:-	19th century, early; 1800s
	descriptive text:-	West 1778 (11th edn 1821)
		Guide book, A Guide to the Lakes, by Thomas West, published by William Pennington, Kendal, Cumbria once Westmorland, and in London, 1778 to 1821.
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		Page 83:-
		... this road ascends Dunmail-raise, where lie the historical stones, that perpetuate the name and fall of the last king of Cumberland, defeated there by the Saxon monarch Edmund, who put out the eyes of the two sons of his adversary, and for his confederating with Leolin, king of Wales, first wasted his kingdom, and then gave it to Malcolm, king of Scots, who held it in fee of Edmund, A.D. 944, or 945. The stones are a heap, that have the appearance of a karn, or barrow. The wall that divides the counties is built over them; which proves their priority of time in that form.
	person:-	: Dunmail, King of Cumberland
	person:-	: Edmund, King of Northumbria
	person:-	: Leolin, King of Wales
	person:-	: Malcolm, King of Scotland
	date:-	1778
	period:-	18th century, late; 1770s
	hearsay	The pile of stones marks the boundary between Westmorland and Cumberland, and once marked the boundary between England and Scotland. It may also commemorate the defeat of Dunmail or Duvenald, King of Cumberland, by Edmund of Northumbria and Leolin of Wales, in 945. After this defeat Edmund gave Cumberland to King Malcolm of Scotland, it was returned to England, to King Canute or Knut, in 1032.
	Old Cumbria Gazetteer - JandMN: 2008

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  email:- JandMN@norgate.freeserve.co.uk
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