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item:-
Armitt Library :
1959.191.4
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click to enlarge
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Map, uncoloured engraving, An Accurate Map of Broadwater
or Bassenthwaite Lake, scale about 3 inches to 1 mile, by
Peter Crosthwaite, Keswick, Cumberland, 1783, version
published 1800.
There are vignette views of Powter How, Ousebridge Inn,
Castle How, Mirehouse, and Armathwaite Hall. Thomas West's
and Peter Crosthwaite's stations are marked.
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map feature:-
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vignettes & compass rose & up is SW & scale line
& lat and long data & rivers & lakes & depth
soundings & settlements & roads
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inscription:-
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printed lower
An Accurate MAP of BROADWATER or BASSENTHWAITE LAKE near
KESWICK, CUMBERLAND; ...
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inscription:-
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printed bottom centre and right
London, Publish'd as the Act directs 20th May 1785.
Republished with additions, as the Act directs 1 Decr. 1788,
Republished again with other additions May the 1st. 1794,
and Sold by Peter Crosthwaite the Author at his Museum
Keswick Republished with other Additions June 20th. 1800. /
Engraved by S. Neele London.
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scale line:-
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1 mile = 71.9mm
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map type:-
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Crosthwaite 1783-94 (Bas/version
1800)
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wxh, sheet (badly trimmed):-
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45.5x22cm
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wxh, map:-
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451x210mm
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scale:-
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1 to 22000 ? (1 to 22383 from scale line assuming a statute
mile)
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Detail map analysis (NB jumps out of current
navigation)
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Excellent general notes on the map series are given in a
book of facsimile reproductions:-
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Crosthwaite, Peter & Rollinson, William (introduction):
1968: Series of Accurate Maps of the Principal Lakes of
Cumberland, Westmorland and Lancashire: Graham, Frank
(Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear):: facsimiles of each
map and an introductory essay
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MAP FEATURES
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Labelled features are not systematically identified with
today's places as this will be done in a separate exercise.
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title
map maker
engraver
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Printed lower centre:-
An Accurate MAP of BROADWATER or BASSENTHWAITE LAKE near
KESWICK, CUMBERLAND; ... / ... / Surveyed & Planed by P.
CROSTHWAITE, Admiral at Keswick Regatta, who keeps the
Museum at Keswick, & is Guide, Pilot, Geographer &
Hydrographer to the Nobility & Gentry, who make the Tour of
the Lakes.
A note on the left states:-
NB. The Author Surveyed this Lake in October 1784, after Six
Weeks of Fair Weather vizt. at Low water.
At the bottom:-
London, Published as the Act directs, 20th. May 1785.
Republished with additions as the Act directs 1 Decr. 1788.
Republished again with other additions May the 2st. 1794,
and Sold by Peter Crosthwaite, the Author at his Museum
Keswick. Republished with other additions June 20th. 1809.
and bottom right:-
Engraved by S. Neele London
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vignettes
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There are five vignette scenes around the map sheet, each
with a caption:-
Powterhow the Property of Rowland Stephenson Esqr. Taken
from Scarness West's 2d. Station.
Ousebridge Inn (Sir F. F. Vane's Bart.) Situate at the N.
End of the Lake & Commands an Excellent Prospect.
Castle How (Sir F. F. Vane's Bart.) with old Trenches upon
it, dug out of the Solid Rock - Taken from Bassenthwaite
Beck foot.
Mirehouse Thos. Storie's Esqr.
Armathwaite Hall Sir F. F. Vane's Bart. LLD.
Notice that the two hills are located on the map by a dot
and circle, labelled:-
Center of Powterhow
Centre of Castlehow
(A nice pair of spellings!)
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descriptive text
poem
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Printed in the lower part of the map sheet are
verses:-
Adorn'd with Giant Skiddow on the East, / The Towering Banks
of Withope on the West; / The North displays much Cultivated
Land; / The South the Vale of Keswick ever grand, / And
winding Shoars with variegated Wood; / Compleat the Scene
and Circumscribe the Flood.
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orientation
compass rose
up is SW
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Printed in the middle of the lake is a minimal compass
rose; circle, lines for cardinal directions, North marked by
a spearhead, East marked by a cross. The map is printed with
WSW at the top of the sheet; the lake flows from left to
right across the sheet.
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scale line
scale
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Printed lower centre is a:-
Scale of One Mile.
chequered in furlongs. The map scale is about:-
1 to 22000
3 inches to 1 mile
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lat and long
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Printed upper left of centre are:-
Lat. 54[d].: 37[m]: N.
Lon. 3[d].: 18[m]. W
presumably for the centre of the lake.
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rivers
bridges
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The main rivers that feed and drain the lake are drawn by
double line with form lines; unobtrusive single wiggly lines
are used for the minor streams. Rivers might be labelled,
eg:-
Gole R.
Derwent R.
Bridges are marked where a road crosses and interrupts
one of the larger rivers, the bridge drawn by a double solid
line though the road is a double dotted line. The engraving
of the road across minor streams intersects rather than
interrupts; perhaps implying fords. One bridge is named by
implication of a placename, by the:-
Ouse Bridge Inn
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lakes
islands
depth soundings
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Bassenthwaite Lake is drawn in outline with form lines.
Little surrounding topography is shown, less than could be
expected to interest the visitor - mo mountains for
instance.
Depth soundings are given:-
... the Figures upon the Lake are Fathoms.
the deepest part, in the middle, is 13 fathoms ie 78
feet.
The current in the lake is indicated:-
NB. The 5 arrows point down the Lake, ...
Bays and peninsulas are clear, and some islands are drawn
at the south end with the comment:-
These 5 Islands near lost at half Flood.
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relief
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Relief is not indicated, but notice the vignette views of
Powterhow and Castle how, positioned on the map, and relief
described in the verses:-
... Giant Skiddow on the East, / The Towering Banks of
Withope on the West; / ...
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woods
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No woodland is indicated, but note the woods drawn on the
vignette views of Powterhow and Castle How, and woods
described in the verses:-
... winding Shoars with variegated Wood; / Compleat the
Scene and Circumscribe the Flood.
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parks
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No parks are drawn. A great house is labelled at the
right border of the map:-
Old Park / Sir F. F. Vane's Bart.
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county
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The lake is in Cumberland, given in the title.
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settlements
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A variety of places around the lake are noticed:-
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towns
villages
hamlets
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circle, buildings and tower; labelled in italic block
caps:-
FOLD
LONNING FOOT
ROOTEN BECK
CRAG
Lanefoot, Routenbeck and Crag are groups of houses; Fold
is not big enough to appear on a one inch map. These are
hamlets, and no more.
Little Crosthwaite
is labelled without any mark, but is a settlement.
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houses
poem
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block; labelled in italic lowercase text, perhaps house
name and owner's name, eg:-
High Rudding / Mr. Jonathan Beaking's
Langclose / Mr. Jno. Williamson's
Beckwithop / Sir Frederick Fletcher Vane's Bart.
which is accompanied by more verse:-
Here Fletcher's Lofty Oaks from Nature's hand, / Bow down to
every Blast, and thus they stand; A Living ornament let them
Remain, / (Until the present Age is past and gone:) / And
Oaks Mature our Guardian Fleets Maintain.
Note the three vignette views of houses; Ousebridge Inn,
Armathwaite Hall, and Mirehouse.
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The distinction between settlement and house is
blurred.
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roads
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A road around the lake is drawn by double dotted line,
labelled:-
Road round the Lake.
Connections off are labelled:-
Road to Bradness and Scarness Stations
Carlisle
To Cockermouth
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stations
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Stations, recommended viewpoints, are marked on the map
by a square symbol, labelled and described; 4 stations of
Thomas West and 3 more of Peter Crosthwaite. Following the
title is:-
... with WEST'S Four Stations pointed out thus [square] &
Ousebridge Inn recommended by the Author as a Fifth. -- NB.
When Company wish to visit all West's Stations, and go from
KESWICK down the East Side of this Lake; it will most
convenient First to proceed to Bradness; second Scarness,
Third Sir F. F. Vane's Bart, Fourth the Inn, and from thence
along the Western Shore to the last.
A note added to the 1794 edition:-
N.B. n 1794, the Author pointed out two other Stations: the
1st. upon the Keswick Road, 220 Yards on the Keswick side of
Longclose; and then 2d. 1 1/2 Mile to the Northward of the
first & may be known by the Bradness broad Lane leading from
the main Road to the Left.
Anticlockwise from the south end:-
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station, Long Close |
Crosthwaite no.1
The Author's 1st. Station
ESE of Langclose, as the author notes:-
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... upon the Keswick Road, 220 Yards on the Keswick side of
Longclose. ...
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station, Sandbeds Gill |
Crosthwaite no.2
The Author's 2d. Station
by a road junction:-
... 1 1/2 Mile to the Northward of the first [by Longclose]
& may be known by the Bradness broad Lane leading from the
main Road to the Left.
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station, Bradness |
West no.3
West's 3d. Station
on Bradness.
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station, Scarness |
West no.2
West's 2d. Station
On Scarness.
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station, Armathwaite Hall |
West no.1
Armathwaite Hall ... West's First Station
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station, Ouse Bridge Inn |
Crosthwaite no.3
Ouse Bridge Inn ... and a very excellent Station
Noted in the title:-
... Ousebridge Inn recommended by the Author as a Fifth. ...
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station, Beck Wythop |
West no.4
West's 4th. Station
below Beckwithop.
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miscellaneous
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inns
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At the head of the lake is labelled:-
Ouse Bridge Inn
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General notes
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Series of maps, An Accurate Map of the Matchless Lake of
Derwent, of the Grand Lake of Windermere, of the Beautiful
Lake of Ullswater, of Broadwater or Bassenthwaite Lake, of
Coniston Lake, of Buttermere, Crummock and Loweswater Lakes,
and Pocklington's Island, by Peter Crosthwaite, Kendal,
Cumberland now Cumbria, 1783 to 1794.
Derwentwater, scale 3 inches to 1 mile, engraved by S Neele,
published 1783; corrected and published 1788, 1794, 1809,
1819; reprinted 1863.
Pocklington' Island, engraved by H Ashby, published 1783;
corrected and published 1788, 1794, 1809.
Windermere, scale 2 inches to 1 mile, engraved by H Ashby,
published 1783; corrected and published 1788, 1794, 1809,
1819; reprinted 1863.
Ullswater, scale 3 inches to 1 mile, engraved by H Ashby,
published 1783; corrected and published 1788, 1794, 1809,
1819; reprinted 1863.
Bassenthwaite Lake, scale 3 inches to 1 mile, engraved by S
Neele, published 1785; corrected and published 1788, 1794,
1809, 1819; reprinted 1863.
Coniston, scale 3 inches to 1 mile, engraved by J Ellis,
published 1788; corrected and published 1794, 1809, 1819;
reprinted 1863.
Buttermere, Crummock Water and Loweswater, scale 3 inches to
1 mile, engraved by S Neele, published 1794; corrected and
published 1809, 1819; reprinted 1863.
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click to enlarge
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click to enlarge
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