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item:-
JandMN (88)
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Map, hand coloured engraving, Cumbria and Westmoria, ie
Cumberland and Westmorland, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch,
by John Jansson, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1646.
This example comes from a French edition of the atlas, 'Le
Nouvelle Atlas ou Theatre du Monde, Auquel est represente la
Grande Bretagne, Contenant les Royaumes d'Angleterre,
d'Ecosse et d'Irelande' 1646 or 1647.
The map has coats of arms for Marcatus, Ran. Meschems,
Andrew Harkley, Raphe Nevill, John Duke of Bedford, John
Duke of Somerset, John de Foix, and Lord Henry Clifford.
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map feature:-
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scroll cartouche & coat of arms & heraldic border
& compass rose & labelled borders & up is N
& rhumb lines & scale line & sea plain &
galleons & coast shaded & rivers & bridges &
lakes & woods & forests & relief & hillocks
& parks & county & settlements
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inscription:-
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printed title cartouche, upper left
CUMBRIA & / WESTMORIA. / Vulgo / Cumberland & West- /
morland.
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inscription:-
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printed lower left of centre
Amstelodami / Apud Joannem Janssonium
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scale line:-
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10 miles = 68.1 mm
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map type:-
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Jansson 1646 (Wmd/Cmd/Cum)
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scale:-
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1 to 240000 ? (1 to 236321 from scale line wrongly assuming
a statute mile)
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wxh, sheet:-
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59x50cm
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wxh, plate:-
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540x425mm
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wxh, map:-
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536x422mm
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Detail map analysis (NB jumps out of current
navigation)
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MAP FEATURES
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title cartouche
scroll cartouche
map maker
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Printed in a scroll cartouche, upper left:-
CUMBRIA & WESTMORIA. Vulgo Cumberland & Westmorland.
Printed lower left of centre:-
Amstelodami Apud Joannem Janssonium
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coat of arms
heraldic border
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Lower right there is a group of coats of arms of:-
RAPHE NEVILL.
John D. of Bedford
John D of Somerset
John de Foix
with decorative ribbons and cherubs. Upper right is
another group:-
The Earles of Carlile
Marcatus E.
Ran. Meschines
Andrew Harkley
and a blank shield.
Withe scale line lower left is a scene on a hill side, a
young man with a hawk, various fowls, a young lady with a
?crook, and sheep, and the coat of arms of:-
HENRY CLIFFORD EARLE
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orientation
labelled borders
compass rose
rhumb lines
up is N
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Printed in the four map borders, in Latin, are:-
Septentrio / Oriens / Meridies / Occidens
On the left is a compass rose; circle, star points for
cardinal, half cardinal, and false points, lines for by
points, North marked by a fleur de lys, East marked by a
cross. All the directions are continued across the sea area
as rhumb lines, the false point lines dotted. The map is
printed with North at the top of the sheet.
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scale line
scale
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Printed lower left is a scale of:-
Milliaria Anglica quorum quatuor unum Milliaria Germanicum
constituunt
The 10 miles = 68.1 mm gives a scale 1 to 236321 wrongly
assuming a statute mile. The map scale is about:0-
1 to 240000
3.5 miles to 1 inch
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sea area
sea plain
ships
swash lettering
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The sea area is plain, with rhumb lines from the compass
rose. It is labelled, in swash lettering:-
IRISH SEA
and in ordinary style:-
Itunae Baye [Eden Estuary / Solway Firth]
There are a couple of square rigged ships in the sea.
Both seem to have three masts, fore sail and fore topsail,
main sail and main top sail, and a lateen sail. The stern of
one is square.
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coast line
coast shaded
coast form lines
headlands
harbours
foreshore
sea moire effect
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The coast line is emphasized by shading which is drawn
along the coast line and the outer margin of foreshore
shallows. The coast line above the shallows is also shaded,
less strongly, and the area of the foreshore is decorated
with a sea moire effect. River estuaries have stream or form
lines.
The sands are mostly unlabelled, but see:-
Ken Sandes [Lancaster Sands]
A headland might be noticed, eg:-
S. Bees head
One harbour is noticed:-
Derwenfote haven
at Workington.
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rivers
bridges
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Rivers are drawn by a wiggly double line tapering to a
wiggly single line tapering upstream. Some rivers are
labelled, eg:-
Eden flude
Cauda fl. [Caldew]
Duddon flud.
Barrow Flu. [Burrow Beck]
This makes it quite clear what the abbreviations stand
for. Although Jansson uses Latin he is a northern European
uses the germanic term flood for rivers.
Bridges are marked by a double line crossing a stream
(there are no roads). Some bridges are labelled, eg:-
Levens bridge
Newe Bridge [Newby Bridge]
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lakes
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Lakes are drawn by an outline, with the shore shaded, and
the body of the lake pecked. Some are labelled:-
Brodwater [Ennerdale Water]
Denok fl
Thurlmyre fl.
Ulles fl.
Wynander mere flud
Other lakes and tarns might be recognized, with some
degree of uncertainty, eg:-
Bassenthwaite Lake
Bleaberry Tarn
Brothers Water
Burnmoor Tarn
Buttermere
Coniston Water
Crummock Water
Derwent Water
Lowes Water
Rydal Water
Wast Water
Islands are shown in Derwent Water and Rydal Water.
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relief
hillocks
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Relief is indicated by hillocks shaded to the east. These
sometimes appear in groups, and sometimes in ranges, as the
Pennines. Occasional hills are drawn larger as at:-
Morton pike
Skiddow hill
The Spije Cragg
and the hills at the head of Borrowdale and Wasdale.
Notice the convention of writing ij for y. Some lesser
hillocks are also labelled, eg:-
Hevillon hill
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woods
trees
forests
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Tree symbols indicate woodland in parks and forests. The
latter might be labelled, eg:-
Inglewood Forest
Copeland Forest
There are other patches of woodland, for example north of
Kendal, and at Hoffe south of Appleby.
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parks
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Parks are drawn by a ring of fence palings, and mostly
include tree symbols, and are tinted green. A park might
have no trees or decoration as at Barren wode park. A park
might be labelled, eg:-
Brigster park
Uffay park
or be named by its great house as at:-
Grastock cast.
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county
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County boundaries are a dashed line, continued alongside
a boundary feature. There is a tint on the inside of each
county boundary; Cumberland yellow, Westmorland yellow,
Lancashire pink, Yorkshire green, Northumberland pink, and
Scotland green. This is not the best effort at colouring.
The county areas are labelled, eg:-
WESTMORLAND
PART OF NORTHUMBERLAND
The county tint is also applied along some rivers and
round some lakes, which probably has no significance. In
Ullswater and Windermere, where the boundary is wrong, the
dashed line and tint do not run together.
Two standing stones are marked at the meet of three
counties, labelled:-
Shire Stones Upon Wrynose
A large hillock south of Dent has a label by it:-
The Countye stone
Features are shown outwith the two counties for the sake
of continuity and to fill space. The corner of Yorkshire
around Sedbergh is plotted fairly fully, as is the High
Furness are of Lancashire.
Some 'areas' are labelled, eg:-
Gilsland
Copeland
Furness fells
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settlements
town walls
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Settlements are marked by a circle with added elements,
further differentiated by style of labelling.
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cities |
circle, towers, town wall; labelled in upright block
caps:-
CARLILE
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towns |
circle, buildings, towers, perhaps a few fence palings
for a wall? labelled in upright lowercase text, eg:-
Keswick
Kendal
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villages
hamlets
houses
castles
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circle, buildings, tower; labelled in italic lowercase
text, eg:-
Farleton
Shapp
Chapollon
The last is Chapel on the Ings ie Ings, the other part of
the placename 'The Ings' is a label floating detached to the
south of the village.
A house might be marked and labelled in the same way,
eg:-
Grariggehall
also a castle, which might have a flag on the tower,
eg:-
Millum cast.
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miscellaneous
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beacons
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Two beacons are marked by a post with side bars - could
these be a post with ladder rungs? but no obvious cresset.
They are labelled:-
The Beacon [Orton Beacon]
Mewtoo Becon
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stones
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Two standing stones are marked, labelled:-
Dunbalrase stones
as well as the Three Shire Stones already noted.
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crosses
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A cross is drawn on a slightly larger hillock near
Pendragon, labelled:-
Holomill Crosse
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mines
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At Keswick is an added label:-
The mijnes Royall
where the headquarters and smelter of the Company of
Mines Royal was.
On the fells between Uldale and Cladbeck ie Caldbeck,
drawn on a large hillock, are two bold dots labelled:-
The mynes
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tents
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A simple tent symbol is marked on
Sollome Moss
representing the Battle of Solway Moss. There is another
at Penrith.
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antiquities
roman sites
roman wall
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A stone wall is drawn from Boulness ie Bowness on Solway,
through Carlile, and north and east, labelled:-
THE PICTS WALL
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General notes
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Map, Cumbria et Westmoria, or Cumberland and Westmorland,
scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, by John Jansson, Amsterdam,
Netherlands, 1646; published 1646-1724.
Published in 'Joannis Janssonii Novus Atlas, sive
Theatrum Orbis Terrarum: In quo Magna Britannia, seu Angliae
& Scotiae nec non Hiberniae, Regna exhibenetur. Tomus
Quartus. Amstelodami. Apud Joannem Janssonium. Anno
MDCXLVI.' ie 1646.
The atlas has an illustrated title page, text taken from
Camden's Britannia; there are maps of Insularum
Britannicarum, of Magnae Britanniae et Hiberniae, of
Britannia ... Heptarchia, and of Anglia Regnum; the maps are
coloured; the atlas size is 9 1/2 x 16 1/4 ins.
the map of Cumberland and Westmorland includes coats of arms
for Marcatus, Ran. Meschems, Andrew Harkley, Raphe Nevill,
Duke of Bedford, Duke of Somerset, John de Foix, and Henry
Clifford. It is said to have been compiled from Saxton's and
Speed's maps.
The map is published with little [no] change; Latin 1646,
'59; French, 1646; German, 1647; Dutch, 1647.
For example - in a French edition, 'Le Nouvelle Atlas ou
Theatre du Monde, Auquel est represente la Grande Bretagne,
Contenant les Royaumes d'Angleterre, d'Ecosse et d'Irelande.
Par Jean Jansson. Tome Quatriesme. Amstelodami, Apud
Iohannem Ianssonium. Anno MDCXLVI.' 1646 and 1647.
For example - in a German edition, 'Novus Atlas, oder
Welt-Beschreibung, in welcher aussfuhrlich abgebildet die
Konigreiche Engeland, Schotland, und Irland. Das funffte
Theil. Amstelodami, Apud Joannem Janssonium. Anno MDCXLVII.'
ie 1647.
For example - in a Dutch edition 'Nieuwen Atlas, ofte
Werelt-Beschrijvinghe, ... Het Verde Deel. Amstelodami, Apud
Ioannem Ianssonium. Anno MDCLII.' ie 1652.
The map may have been printed with the imprint of P Schenk
and G Valk in 1683.
Printed by John Overton, London, atlas 'III', about 1685.
Published in 'Atlas Major, ex Novissimis,
Selectissimisque, A Quovis Auctore Editis, Cum Generabilus
Omnium Totius Orbis Terrarum Regnorum, Rerumpublicarum Et
Insularum, Tum Particularibus in hisce sitarum Regionum
Tabulis Geographicis, Juxta perfectissimam Itinerariam
Seriem in hoc opere positis, consistens. Ad numerum 521
Tabularum; in Tres Tomos Divisus. Tomus I. Ex collectione
Caroli Allard, Amstelo-Batavi. Amstelodami, Prostat apud
Carolum Allard, Cum Privilegio Ordinum Hollandiae &
Westfrisiae.' about 1705.
The 1705 atlas includes coloured reprints of the county maps
of 1647; it contains new maps by C Allard of the whole
country etc.
Published in 'Atlas Anglois, Ou Description Generale De
L'Angleterre, Contenant Les Cartes Geographiques De chaque
Province, avec les Genealogies des plus Illustres Familles,
& les Archeveches & Eveches. A Londres, Chez David Mortier,
Libraire. M.DCC.XV.' ie 1715.
The 1715 atlas is a new edition of an atlas of 1714-15 which
used Blaeu's map; the map has a Schenk and Valk imprint,
plain on the reverse, no plate number; larger towns are
shown with streets rather than a symbol; scales of latitude
and longitude are added in the borders, but not a lat/long
grid.
Published in 'Atlas Anglois, Ou Description Generale De
L'Angleterre, ... A Londres, Chez Joseph Smith, Marchand
Libraire a l'Enseigne d'Inigo Jones, proche Exeter-Exchange
dans le Strand. MDCCXXIV.' ie 1724.
The map in the 1724 atlas is unchanged from 1715.
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